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CNN Student News K – What do you Know about the topic? W- What do you Want to know? L- What did you Learn?

Continents and oceans

CIVILIZATIONS “Started from the bottom now we here”

In your notes… Answer these questions (Be ready to share your ideas out loud): 1. What is the difference between a primary source and secondary source? 2. What does it mean to be civilized? 3. What characteristics are necessary to be considered a civilization?

Create a T-Chart in your notes – also known as Cornell Notes Terms Explanation Ex: Civilization Must have people, organization, surplus of food

Paleolithic Age 2,500,000 BC-10,000 BC Early Stone Age They were hunters and gatherers Used tools such as axes, spears, bow and arrows, fishhooks Men and women did both jobs Made fire using flints, stones, and wood Cave dwellers and nomads Nomads – people who move from place to place in search of food

Neolithic Age 8,000 BC- 4,000 BC They moved from hunting and gathering to systematic agriculture Planted crops and practiced domestication Made tools for farming such as sickles and hoes Used animals for milk, meat, clothing Went from being nomads to living in villages, building walls for protection, creating armies Domestication – to tame animals and grow plants for human use; encouraged permanent settlements

What pushed people to form civilizations? Neolithic Revolution Neo = New Lithic = Stone

Cause and Effect? Together: What caused the Neolithic revolution? Independently: During the clip record 3 effects of the neolithic/agricultur al revolution. Causes of the Neolithic Revolution – agriculture, domestication, protection, settlemets

Were the effects positive and/or negative? Positive: bigger population, settlements, domestication of plants, change in farming, new tools, people in charge, farming, seed of civilization, property Negative: more farmers = conflicts, enemies, warfare, Positive Negative

7 characteristics of Early civilizations

Cities with public works --Developed in river valleys because of the fertile soil where irrigations systems were placed --Roads, bridges, and walls What is an irrigation system?

--Leaders appointed by the gods or through family (Monarchy) Government --Leaders appointed by the gods or through family (Monarchy) --Set up to regulate and oversee large-scale efforts to benefit the people Monarchy – government ruled by a person who was born into power, king or queen Why do we need government to function?

Religion --Monotheism = One god --Designed to explain nature and their role in the world --Monotheism = One god --Polytheism = many gods (most common in ancient times)

--Ranked according to job Social Structure --Ranked according to job Priests, Government officials, warriors Farmers, Artisans, Craftsmen Do we still see social structure today? HOW? This will be a common theme discussed in our class Slaves, Peasants, farmers

Writing --Used to keep records and for creative expression --Multiple forms occurring in different places at the same time Why would writing transform civilizations?

--Expressed talents, beliefs, and values Art & Architecture --Expressed talents, beliefs, and values

Job specialization --Specialized in crafts, arts, metal works, bricklayers, soldiers, etc.

Culture is the way people live Culture is passed down from one generation to the next. Cultural diffusion: When characteristics or behaviors of one group of people spread to another. Material culture includes: food, clothing, architecture, arts, music, crafts, and technology. Nonmaterial culture includes religion, language, spiritual beliefs, family, employment, education, values, moral system, rituals and behaviors Culture – a way of life; the way a group of people live How do you think we will see cultural diffusion throughout world history? Predict ways this would occur. Does it still occur?

Change over time Have you changed over time? Have you had new interactions with new people? Cause and effect model LANGUAGE = cultural diffusion American Chinese food Food/cooking

The BIG picture

The first Civilization: Mesopotamia The Land Between Two Rivers Also known as the Fertile Crescent

Modern day IRAQ

The Mesopotamian Plain: The Fertile Crescent The world's first cities arose in Sumer, a region in Mesopotamia. The Sumerians created irrigation systems to water fields and control floods.

The Remarkable Sumerians By 3000 B.C., there were 12 great Sumerian cities with thousands of people. These independent city-states were made up of a city and its surrounding villages and farmland. Institutions: In the early city-state, religion and government were often combined. The Sumerians made important advances in government, technology, and communication.