Writing Equations Saturday, 24 November 2018

Writing Equations Specification Be able to write balanced full and ionic equations, including state symbols, for chemical reactions Be able to relate ionic and full equations, with state symbols, to observations from simple test tube reactions, to include: Displacement reactions Reactions of acids Precipitation reactions

Witting Equations Describe observations for chemical tests Predict the products formed for reactions Construct symbol equations for reactions Use state symbols in equations Construct ionic equations for reactions Use solubility rules to predict the nature of the precipitate

Ionic Equations Ionic equations only show the reacting particles and products Charges and atoms must balance

State Symbols State symbols are put after each reactant and product in an equation They tell you the state of matter things are in s = solid l = liquid g = gas aq = aqueous (solution in water)

Simple test tubes reactions Displacement reactions, a more reactive element reacts to take the place of a less reactive element in a compound Neutralisation reactions are when bases react with acids. A salt and water are formed, sometimes other products are made like carbon dioxide When an acid reacts with a metal a salt and hydrogen is made In precipitation reactions an insoluble solid is formed

Potassium chloride + Silver nitrate KCl + AgNO3 Demonstration Potassium chloride + Silver nitrate KCl + AgNO3 What happens in this reaction? What will the products be? Which product will be a precipitate? Rules of solubility http://www.chem.sc.edu/faculty/morgan/resources/solubility/

The following reaction needs warming in a fume cupboard Demonstration The following reaction needs warming in a fume cupboard Ammonium chloride + sodium hydroxide NH4Cl + NaOH http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/content/filerepository/CMP/00/000/811/CFNS%20Experiment%2052%20-%20Reactions%20of%20aqueous%20solutions%20of%20the%20halogens.pdf

Complete the reactions in test tubes. Investigation Complete the reactions in test tubes. You need to record your observations and predict the products in a suitable table (1 mark each) Then you need to write ionic equations for each reaction, include state symbols (1 mark each) Total 10 marks NaOH  0.1 M Carbonate  solid BaCl2  0.1 M

Sulfuric acid + Sodium hydroxide H2SO4 + NaOH Nitric Acid + Magnesium HNO3 + Mg Sodium sulfate + Barium Chloride Na2SO4 + BaCl2 http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/content/filerepository/CMP/00/000/811/CFNS%20Experiment%2052%20-%20Reactions%20of%20aqueous%20solutions%20of%20the%20halogens.pdf Potassium iodide + Chlorine KI + Cl2 Then add cyclohexane (in fume cupboard)

Magnesium + Copper sulphate Mg + CuSO4 Bubble through limewater Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid CaCO3 + HCl Demo only The following reaction needs warming in a fume cupboard Ammonium chloride + sodium hydroxide NH4Cl + NaOH http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/content/filerepository/CMP/00/000/811/CFNS%20Experiment%2052%20-%20Reactions%20of%20aqueous%20solutions%20of%20the%20halogens.pdf You may use your text books and any other materials you have to help Text book pages 94 – 115, 144 - 145

Writing Equations Specification Be able to write balanced full and ionic equations, including state symbols, for chemical reactions Be able to relate ionic and full equations, with state symbols, to observations from simple test tube reactions, to include: Displacement reactions Reactions of acids Precipitation reactions

Witting Equations Describe observations for chemical tests Predict the products formed for reactions Construct symbol equations for reactions Use state symbols in equations Construct ionic equations for reactions Use solubility rules to predict the nature of the precipitate