WWI: The Homefront and Lasting Effects

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Presentation transcript:

WWI: The Homefront and Lasting Effects Armistice Day celebration, Paris, France Armistice Day celebration, New York City

Spanish Flu Pandemic (1918) Killed between 1-3% of population (50-100 million) Origins debated (U.S. to Austria) Oddities of Pandemic: Pandemic worse during summer and fall. 99% of deaths occurred under age 65. “Cytokine Storm”

Mobilizing for War War bonds (“Victory Bonds”): low-interest loans by civilians to the government Collection drives: metals, rubber, glass, paper, etc. “Victory Gardens” Rationing: controlled distribution of scarce resources “Wheatless Wednesdays” “Meatless Tuesdays”

Financing the War

African-Americans and Women Labor shortage with large number of men overseas Great Migration: movement of African-Americans to Northern cities. “Red Summer of Hate”: Summer 1919, race riots in major cities across the country. Women: take over for men, work in war industries Builds support for 19th Amendment

Role of Women and African Americans

Civil Liberties? Espionage Act: fines and prison for anti-war activities Sedition Act: illegal to criticize the war Schenk v. United States: government may subvert civil liberties due to “clear and present danger”.

The Red Scare Fear of Socialists, Communists, and Anarchists Palmer Raids—led by the attorney general, over 6,000 people were arrested as suspected Communists, Socialists, and Anarchists.

Fear on the Homefront

Treaty of Versailles May-June 1919 “Big Four”: U.S., Britain, France, and Italy Decision on who to blame for the war Re-draw national boundaries Prevent another conflict

THE BIG FOUR at Versailles WOODROW WILSON UNITED STATES DAVID LlOYD GEORGE GREAT BRITAIN GEORGES CLEMENCEAU FRANCE VITTORIO ORLANDO ITALY

Germany is Blamed Forced to sign “Guilt Clause” Reparations: money paid by defeated nation ($33 billion) Strip colonies and lose European territory Army and navy will be restricted

League of Nations Developed by Pres. Wilson to peacefully settle disputes Senate sees the League as an “alliance” Senate rejects the treaty; sign separate peace with Germany League of Nations is powerless without U.S.

Ending the War

Wilson takes it to the People Tours the nation speaking for League of Nations Exhaustion causes stroke in Oct. 1919 Wilson sees the coming of the next war.

Wilson’s Last Days

WWI Propaganda

What is Propaganda? A message presentation aimed at influencing the opinions of people, rather than providing impartial information. WWI>>>Encourage support for the war & hatred of the German enemy.

British

WWI Unit Plan You can work on ANY assignment not yet complete. Unit Plans will be due by Wed., November 5. Make sure they are complete!