Warm Up – March 22 Grab the Guided Notes from the front table and answer the following questions on a post it: 1. What two movements helped to influence the Enlightenment? 2. What did Thomas Hobbes believe about people? What did people need because of this? 3. How was John Locke’s views more positive than Hobbes? 4. Describe how Absolute Monarchs and the Enlightenment helped contribute to people wanting to revolt against the King of France?

Unit 6: Absolutism, Revolution and rebellion The French Revolution

CAUSES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION Causes of the Revolution: 1. International – Struggle to expand the French empire 2. Political conflict between monarchy and nobles 3. The Enlightenment 4. Social conflict between rich and poor 5. Weak Leader: Louis XVI 6. Debt and Agriculture crisis

Revolution and France Old Regime – The social and political system of France where people divided into three estates, or social classes First Estate Second Estate Third Estate

First Estate Clergy of Roman Catholic Church Anti-Enlightenment Owned 10% of land 2% of income to taxes

Second Estate Rich nobles held high offices in gov’t Anti-Enlightenment Owned 30% of land Paid almost no taxes

Third Estate Consisted of three groups Bourgeoisie (middle class) Workers Peasants 98% of population 80% of French are peasants

Third Estate Peasants paid most of their income in taxes (like soap, salt & bread) dues to nobles tithes to the church Growing resentment towards 1st and 2nd Estates Pro-Enlightenment ideas

Weak Government King Louis XVI inherits debt Borrowed to help American colonies defeat the British Crop failures and bread shortages Marie Antoinette – (Queen) overspending and uncaring

Estates General France faced bankruptcy - Louis XVI called an Estates General - assembly of representatives from all three estates to air grievances – a “cahier” Met on May 5, 1789 at Versailles Unfair voting practices led to more anger

The First Act of Real Revolution Tennis Court Oath June 17, 1789 Third Estate establishes the National Assembly proclaiming the end of monarchy and the start of representative government Tennis Court Oath – indoor tennis court where delegates would stay until they made a new constitution The First Act of Real Revolution

STORMING OF THE BASTILLE Rebels need gunpowder – they know it they can get it in the prison Storming of the Bastille: The Bastille was a prison Was viewed as symbol of the monarchy’s unfairness. Third Estate take over prison, kill guards. This represented an important symbolic act of the revolution.

DECLARATION OF RIGHTS OF MAN REFORMS AND EFFECTS: Third Estate take over & sell most of churches’ land Use $ to pay France’s debt. They also take away most of king’s power. The third estate then writes the Declaration of Rights of Man. This declaration guarantees citizens equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion.

EFFECTS AND REFORM Other European countries began to fear the revolution in France – worried similar revolts may take place in their own countries Countries like Austria and Prussia urged the French to restore Louis XVI to power Eventually a group called the Jacobins take control of France and throw Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette in jail

JACOBINS TAKE POWER Jacobins tried Louis XVI for treason, and killed him using the guillotine Marie Antoinette tried for treason and killed Jacobin Leader, Maximilian Robespierre, took control of France and ruled as a dictator Wanted to create “A Republic of Virtue” – a new government with no sign of the past

REIGN OF TERROR Robespierre’s period of ruling was called the Reign of Terror Tried enemies in the morning, killed them in the afternoon using a guillotine 40,000 killed during the Reign of Terror Killings divided the National Assembly – fearing for their own safety – they captured and tried Robespierre Reign of Terror ends in 1794 when the killing of Robespierre by the guillotine

France Needs a New Leader With the death of Robespierre, the National Assembly wanted France to have a strong leader That leader would be Napoleon Bonaparte

TOD – March 22 Answer the following questions on the same post it as the warm up: 1. What three estates were part of the Old Regime in France? Who was in each estate? Which estates paid the least amount of taxes? 2. What was the Tennis Court Oath? 3. Who took over as the leader of the National Assembly? What was the period known as? Why did people give it this name? 4. What kind of leader did France want following the end of the Revolution?