7th Annual MIPSE Graduate Student Symposium, Ann Arbor, Michigan

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7th Annual MIPSE Graduate Student Symposium, Ann Arbor, Michigan Investigation of Channel Interactions in a Nested Hall Thruster Sarah E. Cusson1, Marcel P. Georgin2, Ethan T. Dale1, Vira Dhaliwal1, and Alec D. Gallimore1 1Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan; 2Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan Abstract Test Conditions Thruster Performance Nested Hall thrusters, which concentrically nest multiple discharge channels together, are an attractive option for scaling Hall thrusters to high power. Their ability to maintain high thrust to power ratios, reduce mass to power ratios and throttle over large ranges makes them ideal for high power missions such as cargo missions to Mars. However, the underlying physics of how the multiple channels interact with each other and affect the device is not well understood. This study aims to understand the interactions between channels via thrust, beam current, divergence angle and laser-induced fluorescence measurements. An inverted pendulum thrust stand, was used to take thrust measurements. Efficiency and specific impulse were then calculated using: 𝜂 𝑎 = 𝑇 2 2 𝑚 𝑎 𝑔 𝐼 𝑠𝑝 = 𝑇 𝑚 𝑎 𝑔 Condition Anode Efficiency Specific Impulse [s] Dual Channel 0.47±0.01 1196±14 Downstream Injection 0.42±0.02 1141±33 Channel Injection 0.47±0.03 1208±36 Introduction Nested Hall thrusters, developed by the University of Michigan in conjunction with NASA and the Air Force Research Laboratory, allow the scaling of Hall thrusters to high power without large increases in mass and footprint. Near Field Faraday Probe Laser Induced Fluorescence A near field Faraday probe was used to measure beam current and divergence angle using the following equations: LIF measurements show the acceleration region moves inward during multi-channel operation Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic plasma diagnostic which can measure the ion velocity by exciting an electronic transition. Results 𝜃 𝑧 = tan −1 𝑟 2 − 𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑧 𝐼 𝑏 = 0 2𝜋 𝑟 1 𝑟 2 𝑗 𝑟,𝑧 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜙 Previous studies on the X2 [1], a two-channel nested Hall thruster seen above, have shown discrepancies between predicted performance in multi-channel operation based on single channel operation and actual multi-channel operation. These results suggest that the channels in a nested Hall thruster are interacting to and affecting performance. Condition Beam Current [A] Dual Channel 28.34±0.35 Downstream Injection 27.78±0.10 Channel Injection 28.51±0.05 Mechanisms for Interaction Three main theories were tested as the source of the performance discrepancy: Neutral ingestion from the background due to increased background pressure Neutral ingestion from the adjacent channel increasing the mass utilization Divergence angle decrease increasing the efficiency of the thruster Divergence angle decreases suggests acceleration region movement and increased beam current suggests neutral ingestion. Δθ Xe Conclusions Nested Hall thrusters in multi-channel operation have higher performance than expected due to a combined result of neutral ingestion from the other channel and acceleration region movement inwards resulting in lower cosine losses. Acknowledgements and References This research was partially funded by NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship grant number NNX15AQ43H, NNX15AQ37H, and NNX14AL65H. 1. Liang, R., ”The Combination of Two Concentric Discharge Channels into a Nested Hall-Effect Thruster,” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Michigan, 2013. 7th Annual MIPSE Graduate Student Symposium, Ann Arbor, Michigan