Today’s goals Introduce citations and works cited pages Discuss how to write more formally Continue working to draft a web article as a class

Class discussion- citations Why do we use citations? What are the two types of citations that occur in an essay? What is the purpose of a works cited page?

Works cited page Your Works Cited page should include a detailed description of each source you used and where it can be found (directions on the following slides) Should read “Works Cited” centered at the top. No italics, bold, or underlining of the text are necessary Each source entry should be added on a new line Use a hanging indent for all source entries This has no indent on the first line of the source but all subsequent lines are indented Hanging indents can be found under paragraph settings in Microsoft Word

Works Cited Page Books: Edition and editors are only used if necessary Author Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Edition of book. Editors. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. Ex: Whittaker, James. Blogs: The New Journals. 2nd ed. Ed. Colleen O’Malley. New York: Penguin, 1987. Print. Edition and editors are only used if necessary If two or three authors are used, list all of them. However, if three or more authors are used, you list the first author followed by “et al.” Ex: Whittaker, James, and Marie Munroe. Ex: Whittaker, James, et al.

Works Cited Page Newspapers: Author Lastname, Firstname. "Title of Article." Title of Periodical Day Month Year: pages. Medium of publication. Ex: Poniewozik, James. "TV Makes a Too-Close Call." Time 20 Nov. 2000: 70-71. Print. Periodicals Author Lastname, Firstname. "Title of Article." Title of Periodical Volume.Issue (Year):pages. Database (if applicable). Medium of publication. Date of access (if accessed online) Example: Duvall, John N. "The (Super)Marketplace of Images: Television as Unmediated Mediation in DeLillo's White Noise." Arizona Quarterly 50.3 (1994): 127-53. JSTOR. Web. 5 Apr. 2013. Most of the peer reviewed articles from the library databases will fall into this format

Works Cited Page Electronic Sources Author Lastname, Firstname. “Title of Article” (if applicable). Title of Website. Version numbers or revisions. Publisher or Company, Date of Publication. Web. Date of access. Ex: Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web." A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites. A List Apart Mag., 16 Aug. 2002. Web. 4 May 2009. Remember to use n.p. if no publisher name is available and n.d. if no publishing date is given. URLs are no longer required Websites can be some of the most difficult to cite due to formatting concerns and lack of relevant information

homework Works Cited page Create a works cited page for your WTI essay that details the two sources you will be using in proper MLA citation Due Tuesday 3-7 Worth a quiz grade

Class discussion- formality in writing What is formality? Why/when do we need to be formal in our writing? How might formal language/strategies be different between these three different genres: a peer reviewed research report, a persuasive essay, a podcast, and a business letter? What are strategies for making your writing more formal?

Formality in writing Formality is gradable You may need to be more or less formal in a particular context To determine level of formality, consider rhetorical context: What is my purpose? Who is my audience? What are the expectations of this genre?

Formality in writing General formal writing strategies Make your writing clear, structured, and detailed Avoid 1st and 2nd person Use titles where appropriate Use complex and discipline specific language Avoid figurative language and idioms Edit thoroughly Use passive voice for maximum objectivity (particularly in research writing) Avoid absolutes/use qualifiers Avoid contractions (in very formal writing) Follow prescriptive grammar rules (covered in ENC1101)

Formality in writing Make your writing clear, structured, and detailed Keep writing focused on your thesis Avoid ambiguous pronoun usage (particularly in your thesis) Have clear transitions and forecasting Use details and examples to illustrate and support your points Avoid 1st and 2nd person “I think the government should intervene to stop global warming” “After reviewing this evidence, you will feel compelled to increase gun laws”

Formality in writing Use titles where appropriate Very important in business and academic contexts Address others, particularly superiors, with the titles of their position or credentials Avoid colloquial address terms (bro, girl, dude, etc) Sir, miss, or ma’am may be used where necessary Avoid figurative language and idioms “Research like this is a dime a dozen”

Formality in writing Use passive voice for maximum objectivity (in research writing) “I performed the experiment” vs. “The experiment was performed” Avoid contractions (in very formal writing) Avoid absolutes/use qualifiers “The government must provide healthcare to all of its citizens” “The study showed that playing video games will increase aggressive behavior”

Group activity- editing for formality In your unit 2 groups Edit the following sentences to make them more formal and any other editing concerns you notice 1. I believe Dr. Erikson’s theory can’t be disproved. 2. The government must legalize medical marijuana; it’s the best treatment for epilepsy. 3. Changing things in the experiment didn’t effect the results much. 4. Hello! I am responding to your request for a temp. worker. You may have noticed my resume . . . . 5. I took all night to finish the experment.

Class discussion- writing style What is writing style? What elements make up writing style? What are some examples of distinct writing styles? What kind of writing styles do you prefer to read? To write? How would you describe the writing style of your chosen publication?

Writing style 4 main elements of writing style Ways of shaping sentences There will always be variation in sentence structure, but overall are the sentences longer or shorter? Simple or complex? Word choice Is the writing’s vocabulary simple or complex? Does it use abstract or concrete language? Is the language specific to a discipline or easy enough for laypeople to read? Voice Is it written in 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person? Is the writer an expert or layperson? Tone: What is the writer’s attitude toward the subject matter? Are they humorous or serious? Detached or personal?

Group activity- analyzing differences in style In your unit 2 groups Read “Passage from a Scholarly Journal” and Passage from a Popular Magazine” on page 51 in A&B and answer questions 1-4 How would you describe the length and complexity of the sentences in each passage? How would you describe the word choice and complexity of vocabulary in each passage? How would you describe the author’s tone in each passage? Based on questions 1-3, who would you say is the intended audience of each piece?

Group activity- article introduction In your unit 2 groups Listen to the current event information shared by each group about our topic. Then as a group work together to create the beginning of an introduction for our web article What is the thesis or main idea of our article? How can we grab the readers’ attention about our topic? Draft a 4-6 sentence introduction for our web article that includes a hook, thesis, and a lead strategy.

homework Works Cited page Bring computers to class on Tuesday WTI Draft 1 150+ words Should include your thesis and hook Make sure to quote any information you take directly from your sources