ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What created the power and limitations of absolutism during the Ming Dynasty. LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Examine the emergence of the Ming Dynasty and how the creation of the Forbidden City added to China’s feeling of superiority.

The Ming Dynasty Yuanzhang was born a peasant & worked through the military ranks Known as a harsh ruler killed all of his opposition Brought pride & power back to China Reinstated Civil Service The exam made sure gov’t officials were intelligent Built the Forbidden City Born a peasant, lived in poverty & spent years as a Buddhist – had hatred of the rich Civil Service: had to pass an exam in philosophy & literature Zhu Yuanzhang

Forbidden City Location: center of Beijing It served as the Emperor’s palace during the Ming and Qin dynasties. Now it is a palace museum. It is the world’s largest palace complex and covers over 2.3 million sq ft (178 acres) Brought China back to its Golden period- was the best example of traditional building -- ** houses many rare treasures

The Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 Formed by Zhu Yuanzhang He successfully forced the Mongols out of the country Wanted to restore Chinese greatness Mongol (yuan) rule was in decline bc of plague ** ming dynasty lasts nearly 300 years *** Ming= brilliant & death of Kublai Khan **** Yuanzhang formed a rebel army & forced the mongols back beyong the great wall

CHINA’S WONDERS Forbidden City

CHINA’S WONDERS Forbidden Palace Surrounded by a six meter deep moat About 25 ft high wall There are over 800 buildings and 9999 rooms. Only 4 gates to enter ** anyone caught looking over the palace walls were killed

Forbidden City History: Construction began in 1406. 14 years to build. 200,000 men used Housed 24 emperors until 1912 Divided in 2 parts::Southern section (outer court): where emperor exercised rule over the nation **** 1912- China’s last emperor Northern section (inner court): where emperor lived with royal family.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How did Chinese religious ideas and philosophies differ from western thought? LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Understand the philosophies and religions that helped to hold the Chinese civilization together.  

Ming Dynasty: Confucian State During Ming: Confucian ideals were brought back Confucius was born in 551 BC He wanted to restore peace & created a guide to proper behavior

Ming Dynasty: Confucian State Analects, a book of his teachings, written by his followers In order to have peace 5 relationships must exist Ruler/ruled Father /son Husband/wife Older brother/younger brother Friend/friend It’s the superior person’s responsibility to set the example for the inferior If the inferior person does not succeed it is the superior person’s fault **** confucius’ philosophy still accepted today – 6 million followers

Ming Dynasty Filial Piety: duty & respect children owe their parents

Chinese Exploration

Chinese Exploration

Chinese Exploration Cheng Ho: one of China’s greatest explorers Born a commoner & Muslim Captured by the military Reached India & East Coast of Africa Made 7 voyages 100,000 miles Established a trade empire for China Ming dynasty was powerful & wealthy– they begin exploring further than the Chinese coast Zheng He - CHENG HO : 1405-33 Persia to Kenya *** had a crew of over 25,000 sailors and more than 62 ships ***explored the coasts of SE Asia, India & Africa **** Born 1371 as Ma Sanbao

Chinese Exploration Began having major problems with pirates in the Pacific The emperor forced all people to move away from the coast & closed down China He told his people they would be a continental power No one was allowed to enter or leave the country Results in the Chinese falling behind the rest of the world 1433: just after the death of Cheng Ho

The wonders of CHINA THE GREAT WALL

The Great Wall The wall stretches about 5,500 miles. It winds up and down across deserts, mountains, grasslands and plateaus. It travels from east to west China. Nearly 2000 years old. Some sections are decayed. Made of rocks & packed earth *** Some sections in ruins or have disappeared Only man made structure to be seen from space.

CHINA’S WONDERS

The Great Wall Construction began in the 7th century BC. Sections built under Chou dynasty each built their own walls for protection. After state of Chin (Qin) unified country in 221 BC, it joined the walls to hold off invaders from the north. Invader: Huns Peasants & enemies were used to extend the wall Signal fires provided early warning of attack.

The Great Wall Major renovation under the Ming Dynasty Present form under Ming. Ming wanted to make sure Mongols would not come back. Because so many people died during construction it is considered the longest cemetery on earth

The Great Wall Towers of the Wall are 32 feet high It has battle forts at important points and the corners. Soldiers were posted on top to warn of attacks.

CHINA’S WONDERS Great Wall: History is crenellated for watching and shooting at the invading enemy.

CHINA’S WONDERS Great Wall

Jiayuguan

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Explain how the Manchu overthrew the Ming and established a multi-ethnic Qing Dynasty that doubled the size of the Chinese Empire LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Explain how the Manchu were able to invade and bring an end to the Ming Dynasty

Manchu Invasion Manchu Dynasty aka Qing Dynasty Last Dynasty of China: 1644-1912 Founded by Manchu people Semi-nomadic people from NE China Seized Beijing

Manchu Invasion 1644: Manchu were able to take advantage of rebellions against Ming Ming Rebellions: Beijing was conquered by rebel forces led by Li Zicheng Ming army did not protect the capital because they had mutinied Rather than be captured the last Ming emperor hanged himself Chongzhen last ming emperor **official mark of the end of dynasty ***Li Zicheng was ming general****

LI ZICHENG

LI AND THE BANDITS

Manchu Invasion Wu Sangui (Ming general) allied himself with the Manchu In order to drive out the rebel forces They were successful but this allowed the Manchu to take over Allowed for Li Zicheng’s army to be overthrown ** manchu ruled china for 2 centuries

WU SANGUI

Manchu Dynasty Developed peacefully : it was a time of economic growth & development Tried to forced their way of life on China but adopted Chinese cultures & traditions Limits: only Manchu could hold the highest government office Marriage was forbidden between Manchu & Han Imperial China reached it height of power 19th century was a period of weakness & loss for the Manchu Dynasty ** Britain began & continued an illegal opium trade  first Opium War