Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. Chapter Resources Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. glencoe.com Image Bank Foldables Video Clips and Animations Chapter Summary Chapter Review Questions Standardized Test Practice

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Image Bank Family

Image Bank Allele Separation

Image Bank Garden Pea Plants

Table – Traits Compared by Mendel Image Bank Table – Traits Compared by Mendel

Image Bank Punnett Square of Peas

Table – Principles of Heredity Image Bank Table – Principles of Heredity

Punnett Square of a Chestnut Horse Image Bank Punnett Square of a Chestnut Horse

Image Bank Blood Collection Bag

Image Bank Eye

Image Bank Color Blindness Test

Image Bank Pedigree Chart

Image Bank Cows

Image Bank Genetic Engineering

Image Bank Gene Therapy

Genetically Engineered Crop Plants Image Bank Genetically Engineered Crop Plants

Punnett Square of a Calico Cat Image Bank Punnett Square of a Calico Cat

Classify Characteristics Foldables Classify Characteristics As you read this chapter about heredity, you can use the following Foldable to help you classify characteristics as inherited or not inherited.

Foldables Fold the top of a vertical piece of paper down and the bottom up to divide the paper into thirds.

Foldables Turn the paper horizontally; unfold and label the three columns as shown.

Foldables Read for Main Ideas Before you read the chapter, list personal characteristics and predict which are inherited or not inherited. As you read the chapter, check and change your list.

Video Clips Click image to view movie.

Video Clips Click image to view movie.

Video Clips Click image to view movie.

Traits are controlled by alleles on chromosomes. Reviewing Main Ideas 1 Genetics Genetics is the study of how traits are inherited. Gregor Mendel determined the basic laws of genetics. Traits are controlled by alleles on chromosomes. Some alleles can be dominant or recessive.

Reviewing Main Ideas 1 Genetics When a pair of chromosomes separates during meiosis, the different alleles move into separate sex cells. Mendel found that he could predict the outcome of genetic crosses.

Reviewing Main Ideas 2 Genetics Since Mendel Inheritance patterns studied since Mendel include incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, and polygenic inheritance. These inheritance patterns allow a variety of phenotypes to be produced. Some disorders are the results of inheritance and can be harmful and even deadly.

Reviewing Main Ideas 2 Genetics Since Mendel Pedigree charts help reveal patterns of the inheritance of a trait in a family. Pedigrees show that sex-linked traits are expressed more often in males than in females.

Reviewing Main Ideas 3 Advances in Genetics Genetic engineering uses biological and chemical methods to change genes. Recombinant DNA is one method of genetic engineering to make useful chemicals, including hormones. Gene therapy shows promise for correcting many human genetic disorders by inserting normal alleles into cells.

Reviewing Main Ideas 3 Advances in Genetics Breakthroughs in the field of genetic engineering are allowing scientists to do many things, such as producing plants that are resistant to disease.

Chapter Review Question 1 Study the table. If a pea plant produces round yellow seeds it is exhibiting ________ traits. LE 2.2b

Chapter Review A. dominant B. hybrid C. purebred D. recessive LE 2.2b

Chapter Review Answer The correct answer is A. In the table shown, round, yellow seeds are a dominant trait of pea plants.

Chapter Review Question 2 When using Punnett squares to predict results in genetics, why do you sometimes use uppercase letters and other times lowercase letters? LE 2.2c

Chapter Review Answer Uppercase letters are used to represent dominant alleles while lowercase letters are used to represent recessive alleles. A Punnett square can be used to predict which two alleles an offspring might inherit from a cross of two particular parents.

Chapter Review Question 3 What type of inheritance does the cross shown by this Punnett square represent? LE 2.2c

Chapter Review Answer This cross represents incomplete dominance. In this case, when a horse homozygous for chestnut coat color and one homozygous for cremello coat color are mated, none of the offspring have the coat color of either of the parents. The offspring are all palomino which is an intermediate coat color.

Chapter Review Question 4 Cystic fibrosis is caused by a recessive allele. How can two parents who do not have cystic fibrosis have a child with this disease? LE 2.2b

Chapter Review Answer Because the allele is recessive, it will be masked by the dominant allele. If both parents are heterozygous, they will not have the disease but they each have one recessive allele. If each parent happens to pass on their recessive allele to a child, the child will have cystic fibrosis.

Chapter Review Question 5 Which would be an example of genetic engineering corn plants? LE 3.1c

cross breeding two different corn plants to get stronger plants Chapter Review cross breeding two different corn plants to get stronger plants B. inserting a gene into corn plants that helped them grow faster C. predicting the offspring of corn plants using Punnett squares D. using herbicides to kill corn plants with undesirable traits LE 3.1c

Chapter Review Answer The correct answer is B. Scientists are finding genes that produce desirable traits and inserting them into plants using genetic engineering techniques.

Standardized Test Practice Question 1 Which correctly describes the phenotypes of these three plants? Rose plant Alleles for flower color Genotype of plant for flower color Phenotype of plant for flower color 1 Rr heterozygous ? 2 RR homozygous 3 rr LE 2.2b

All three plants should have different phenotypes. Standardized Test Practice All three plants should have different phenotypes. B. All three plants should have the same phenotype. C. Plant 1 and plant 2 should have the same D. Plant 2 and plant 3 should have the same LE 2.2b

Standardized Test Practice Answer The correct answer is C. Because plant 1 and plant 2 each have a dominant allele, they should each have the same phenotype. Plant 3 should not look like the other two plants.

Question 2 Which would represent a hybrid individual? A. T B. TT C. Tt Standardized Test Practice Question 2 Which would represent a hybrid individual? A. T B. TT C. Tt D. tt LE 2.2b

Standardized Test Practice Answer The correct answer it C. A hybrid individual has received a different allele for a trait from each parent. In this example, the individual received a dominant allele from one parent (T) and a recessive allele from the other parent (t).

Question 3 What does this pedigree show you? Standardized Test Practice Question 3 What does this pedigree show you? LE 2.2c

All females in this family are carriers for the color-blind allele. Standardized Test Practice All females in this family are carriers for the color-blind allele. B. Color-blindness is more common in males than females. LE 2.2c

C. Color-blind children must have one color- blind parent. Standardized Test Practice C. Color-blind children must have one color- blind parent. D. Only grandparents can pass the allele for color-blindness. LE 2.2c

Answer The correct answer is B. None of the females Standardized Test Practice Answer The correct answer is B. None of the females in this family are color-blind but most of the male grandchildren are. In this family, the female children of the color-blind father are all carriers of the gene and passed it on to many of their sons.

Question 4 When DNA from a human is inserted into Standardized Test Practice Question 4 When DNA from a human is inserted into bacterial DNA, this new DNA is called _______. A. dual-purpose DNA B. loop-DNA C. recombinant DNA D. virus-DNA LE 2.1a

Answer The correct answer is C. Recombinant DNA is Standardized Test Practice Answer The correct answer is C. Recombinant DNA is made by inserting a useful segment of DNA from any organism into a bacterium. Large quantities of human insulin are made by inserting the gene for human insulin into bacterial DNA.

Standardized Test Practice Question 5 How are viruses used in this example of how gene therapy might be used to treat cystic fibrosis? LE 3.1c

A. to deliver the normal allele of the gene Standardized Test Practice A. to deliver the normal allele of the gene B. to kill cells with the defective allele LE 3.1c

C. to replace damage lung tissue Standardized Test Practice C. to replace damage lung tissue D. to replace the nucleus of defective cells LE 3.1c

Standardized Test Practice Answer The correct answer is A. The normal allele is inserted into the virus using genetic engineering. If the virus can reach the target cells in the lungs, it may be able to insert the normal gene into the defective cell.

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