How important was the ‘Long March’ to Mao’s eventual success?

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter Fourteen Revolution and Nationalism
Advertisements

From 1945 both the CCP and the GMD tried to take control of as much territory as possible. The GMD occupied most of southern China. However the CCP took.
Why did the Communists win the Civil War ? L/O – To identify the reasons why the CCP won the 2 nd Civil War.
Imperial China Collapses March 1, Background Early 1900 – Chinese humiliated by foreigners –The majority of Chinese believed modernization and nationalism.
How did Mao become leader of the CCP?
China L/O – To examine how the CCP and Kuomintang developed during the years
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Upheavals in China.
The Collapse of Imperial China: Sun Yixian (Yatsen), Mao Zedong, & Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) [Yes, I know what your thinking, “What’s up with all.
Write on the board any questions you may still have from the material we covered last class on the Search for Stability We will answer them before we begin.
History Describe relations between the CCP and the KMT from
Kuomintang Founded in 1912 by Sun Yet- sen after the Republican Revolution of 1911 Tolerant of communism Influenced by President Abraham Lincoln and Confucius.
How important was the ‘Long March’ to Mao’s eventual success? L/O – To identify and evaluate the key features and significance of the Long March.
How did Mao become leader of the CCP? L/O – To identify how Mao took control of the CCP.
Chapter 15 Nationalism and Revolution Around the World
CHINA’S ROAD TO COMMUNISM A Preview Modern World History.
 Establishing Modern Civilizations CHINA. China Changes  1644-Last and largest dynasty, Qing Dynasty  mid-1800’s-China’s population had more than tripled.
The Warlord Problem Sun Yixian, the president, abdicates in favor of Yuan Shikai, a powerful general Tried to set up a new Dynasty Military did.
The Long March It’s the CCP! Catch them and kill them!!!
Mao and Chinese Communism to 1934 Jesse, Alex and Rob.
Andrea Nam, Ayush, James Hooi, James Huang, Alessio, Vicky Lee, Sau Gwan Chan, David.
The Last Emperor Henry P'u Yi Coup D’état 1911 Ruling family forced to leave forbidden city in Dies as a gardener in 1967 in Peking (Beijing).
East Asia, 1931–1945.
L13: Why Maoism Took Hold in China Agenda Objective: To understand… 1.How China became communist. 2.Competing perspectives on why Maoism took hold in China.
15.4 Notes: Upheavals in China
Chinese Civil war: Phase One. The Main Players The Kuomintang (KMT)
China’s Civil War The Boxer Rebellion – Imperial nations had heavy economic influence in China – Chinese Nationalist group was called “Righteous and Harmonious.
Struggles of the Republic
Practices of the Chinese Civil War
LESSON 1A – 2 ND CIVIL WAR Essential Question Why did the communists win the 2 nd Civil War Learning Outcomes - Students will: Learn about the stages of.
Nationalism. China Political Parties in China 1920s: Central authority in China ceases 1920s: Central authority in China ceases Nationalist Party: Headed.
China & Japan The Years Following WWI. China Seeks Modernization Sun Yat-sen declared China a republic, January 1912 Dreamed of democratic rule Was ousted.
Chinese Civil War and VS. Long-Term Causes of Chinese Civil War Socioeconomic Conditions Political Fragmentation Ideological Differences.
East Asia, Monday, April 4th.
20th Century Reform Movements
How did Mao become leader of the CCP?
How did Mao become leader of the CCP?
Why did the Communists win the Civil War ?
World War II.
How did Mao become leader of the CCP?
Twentieth Century. China PART 1: Republican China
The Chinese Republic Mr. Curcio/Mrs. Jarvis.
Section 4 Upheavals in China.
The Jiangxi Soviet & the Extermination Campaigns
The Long March THE GAME! PLAY.
Communist Revolution.
BELLWORK: 12/7 Read pages on the long term causes of the Chinese Civil War. Explain the two sides of the conflict. Explain social life under Manchu.
How did the Japanese invasion help strengthen the Communists?
How did the Japanese invasion help strengthen the Communists?
Communism in China The Civil War and Mao.
Upheavals in China.
The Emergence of Modern China
Upheavals in China Chapter 12.4.
The growth of the CCP Period of greatest growth?
Long March ( ).
How important was the ‘Long March’ to Mao’s eventual success?
Warm Up Define: CCP, KMT, Yanan Soviet.
True or False? Connect Activity
Reorganising the CCP – Many Communist like Mao escaped to the province of Kiangsi where Mao setup the Kiangsi Soviet and Red Army which had 11,000.
20th Century China Ms. McCullers, Ms. Martinez, Mrs. Swan
Imperial China Collapses
Communism in China.
Americans Join the Allies
Upheavals in China.
Upheavals in China.
How did the Japanese invasion help strengthen the Communists?
Imperial China Collapses
Upheavals in China.
How did the Japanese invasion help strengthen the Communists?
Upheavals in China Chapter 12.4.
Why did the Communists win the Civil War ?
Presentation transcript:

How important was the ‘Long March’ to Mao’s eventual success? L/O – To identify and evaluate the key features and significance of the Long March

The Northern Expedition 1926-1928 Chiang finally removed the warlords with the help of the CCP in 1928. Peasants & workers welcomed Chiang’s armies & there was little resistance from the warlords. China was now reunified and Chiang’s government was recognised by foreign powers.

The Shanghai Massacres - 1927 Chiang feared the growing influence of the CCP, especially in Shanghai. In 1927 he turned on them & the KMT sent an army to Shanghai. The workers of Shanghai rebelled against the warlord in the area. When Chiang’s army arrived, it executed all the Communists it could find.

Reorganising the CCP – 1927-1934 Many Communist like Mao escaped to the province of Kiangsi where Mao setup the Kiangsi Soviet and Red Army which had 11,000 members by 1930. Support grew for the CCP as land was redistributed to peasants. The Red Army trained in Guerrilla Warfare and was told to respect peasants. The Eight Rules of the Red Army Speak politely Pay fairly for what you buy Return anything you borrow Pay for everything you damage Don’t hit or swear at people Don’t damage crops Don’t take liberties with women Don’t ill-treat prisoners

The Extermination Campaigns Chiang was determined to crush the Kiangsi Soviet. Between 1930-1934 he launched 5 massive extermination campaigns. The first 4 were failures due to the guerrilla tactics used by Mao’s forces. However over a million civilians were killed. Mao was criticised. Mao on the tactics of the Red Army, 1930 When the enemy advances, we retreat. When the enemy halts, we harass. When the army retires, we attack. When the enemy retreats, we pursue.

The Fifth Extermination Campaign In Summer 1933, Chiang used new tactics suggested by General Hans von Seeckt, a German military advisor. Seeckt used ‘blockhouse’ tactics. The KMT surrounded the Kiangsi Soviet with ½ m troops and advanced slowly building blockhouses, digging trenches & putting up barbed wire fences. This prevented food getting in or out.

The Fifth Extermination Campaign The Communists abandoned Guerrilla Warfare and under the influence of Otto Braun, launched a series of disastrous pitched battles. By summer the communists were surrounded by four lines of blockhouses & close to starvation. By Oct 1934, they had lost ½ of their territory as well as 60,000 troops. Otto Braun – German Communist and Comintern agent who was sent to China by Soviet Russia to give military advice to the CCP

The Break Out – October 1934 On the suggestion of Otto Braun, on 16th Oct 1934, 87,000 soldiers began a retreat. They took as much equipment & guns as they could carry and took them 6 weeks to break out of the ring of blockhouses. At the end of Nov 1934, the Red Army reached the Xiang River and lost over half their number fighting the KMT.

Mao Takes Over – January 1935 In Jan 1935 they reached Zunyi, where a meeting was held. Braun was blamed for the defeat at the Xiang River: He had allowed them to carry to much equipment which slowed them down. The retreat was in a straight line which helped the KMT predict where they were headed. Leadership of the march was handed to Mao and Zhu De.

Progress in 1935 – January-October Under their new leadership, the march took off in a new direction, often changing routes & splitting forces. One of the most famous events was the crossing of the Dadu River. 22 soldiers swung across the river gorge on chains whilst under fire.

Arrival – October 1935 In October 1935 they had reached their destination of the poor communist base at Yanan in Shaanxi province. They had: Fought dozens of battles Crossed 24 rivers Crossed 18 mountain ranges Covered 24 miles a day 6000 miles in total 30,000 reached destination out of 100,000

Importance of the March The CCP had survived and found a new base which was remote and safe from attack from the KMT & Japanese Mao was hailed as a great hero and was re-established as the unchallenged leader of the CCP Many Chinese saw the CCP as heroes & Long March became part of CCP mythology The good behaviour of the Red Army impressed peasants 1.) Which is the most important consequence of the march? Why? 2.) How did the success of the march help boost CCP support across China?