Too small to fail: The prisoner's dilemma

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Presentation transcript:

Too small to fail: The prisoner's dilemma Bauer E. Sumpio, MD, PhD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 57, Issue 5, Pages 1415-1421 (May 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.01.005 Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Data from the Association of American Medical Colleges that ranks specialties based on the number of active physicians.11 © 2008 Association of American Medical Colleges. All rights reserved. Reproduced with permission. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 1415-1421DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2013.01.005) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Data from the Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care that depict the number of general surgeons, cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, and vascular surgeons per 100,000 residents in different regions in 2006. Each dot represents a specific region in the United States. For example for general surgery, the mean number is eight surgeons per 100,000 population. Adapted with permission from the Dartmouth Atlas Project.12 Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 1415-1421DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2013.01.005) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 The Prisoner's Dilemma. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/477240/prisoners-dilemma (2012). By courtesy of Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc, copyright 2006; used with permission. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 1415-1421DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2013.01.005) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 A hypothetical scenario illustrating the dilemma of vascular specialists cooperating. CLI, Critical limb ischemia. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 1415-1421DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2013.01.005) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Tragedy of the commons. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 1415-1421DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2013.01.005) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 The nature of cooperation. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 1415-1421DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2013.01.005) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 7 Nowak's strategies for cooperation. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 1415-1421DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2013.01.005) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions