Write “Flow Chart” in your sprial. Bell Work: 12/3/13 How DNA Works: Use pgs. 188-190 to create a flow chart that explains how DNA works.

proteins that determine traits, like skin color A cell’s DNA codes for proteins that determine traits, like skin color A single strand of chromatin= DNA that is coiled around proteins. Cell is ready to divide= packages chromatin into chromatids. Two identical chromatids=a chromosome ready to divide Before division, human cell=46 chromosomes (two identical copies of genetic material)

Objectives Describe the relationship between genes, chromosomes, and inherited traits (SPI 0707.4.3)

Base-Pair Matching Remove the colored bases from the bag and arrange them in any order in a straight vertical line. Make sure to fit the sugar notches to the phosphate tabs. On “go” one person from your team will go to your lab table and find the white base that correctly pairs with the colored base and bring it back to your group. After the base pairs are matched up, the next person goes to find another white base to match it with the next colored base and so on until your DNA strand is complete. The first team to finish correctly, wins an extra credit pass.

Brain Pop

Changes in Genes Check out pg. 192 & 193! Changes in the number, type, or order of bases on a piece of DNA are known as mutations. Sometimes bases are left out, extras are added, or the most common, the wrong base is used. Consequences of Mutations: improved trait, no change, harmful trait Most of the time proteins detect an error and fix it. Mutagens, like radiation, can cause mutations in DNA. When scientists manipulate or change individual genes within organisms it is called genetic engineering. DNA fingerprinting identifies the unique patterns in an individual’s DNA. A clone is an exact copy of another organism’s genes.

Questions... Does every cell contain the same DNA? Every cell in your body has the same genes, and DNA. Your cells have all of the genetic information for your whole body. Your skin cells have the genetic make up of your skin and your muscles. Your skin does not use this extra information.

Questions... How do things get cloned? To make Dolly, researchers isolated a somatic cell from an adult female sheep. Next, they transferred the nucleus from that cell to an egg cell from which the nucleus had been removed. After a couple of chemical tweaks, the egg cell, with its new nucleus, was behaving just like a freshly fertilized zygote. It developed into an embryo, which was implanted into a surrogate mother and carried to term. The lamb, Dolly, was an exact genetic replica of the adult female sheep that donated the somatic cell nucleus to the egg. She was the first-ever mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell.

Questions... Harmful mutations: Beneficial Mutations: wild almond tree seeds “contain an intensely bitter chemical called amygdalin, which … breaks down to yield the poison cyanide. almond trees have a mutation in a single gene that prevents them from making a poison

Exit Ticket Write down a question that you have about today’s lesson….

DNA Drawing Draw a portion of a DNA strand. You must show the following: Double helix structure Phosphate + sugar backbone Paired bases in the middle (must be correctly bonded base pairs)

Paper DNA Step 1: label the bases on the paper model with A, T, G, or C from the bottom to the top. Color code the boxes lightly with colored pencil, using the DNA guide on the board. Step 2: “Unzip” the paper model by cutting it in half vertically and glue the pieces in the correct location on your worksheet so the bases match up correctly.

Step 3: Label the empty boxes using A, T, G, or C and then color them using the colors on your DNA Guide (see below). Remember to match the bases correctly! A – T T – A G – C C - G Step 4: Have me check your work & build a DNA model!

3-2-1 3 things you learned today… 2 questions you have… 1 way this relates to your daily life…