Questions: How does South Carolina justify its right to secede?

The Civil War (1861-1865)

Aim: Why did the Union win the Civil War? Finally, after four years of fighting Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865

The Union & Confederacy in 1861

Secession!: Post Fort Sumter

The First Shots of the War! Fort Sumter, South Carolina.

Advantages Confederacy= South Union= North Directions: Complete the following chart by analyzing the following slides Advantages Confederacy= South Union= North

Railroad Lines, 1860

Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

Rating the North & the South

Overview of Northern Advantages Larger population North 22 million South Only 9 million More ships Larger, more efficient railroad system Lincoln - Very intelligent and dedicated More industry - 81% of nation’s factories Better banking system to raise $ for the war 75% of nation’s wealth

Overview of Northern Advantages Wealth produced: Factory production Textile goods produced Iron production Coal production Farm acreage Draft animals Livestock Wheat production Corn production

Overview of Northern Disadvantages Fought on Southern lands Divided support for the war Many believed the South had good chance of winning

Overview of Southern Advantages Fighting a defensive war Local support of all men familiarity with terrain Motivation: seeking independence, unified support Short communication lines/ friendly population Experienced officer corps- (Lee, Jackson, Pickett) Cotton - necessary for textile factories of England and France Slave Labor in the early part of the war

Overview of Southern Disadvantages Smaller population Few factories to manufacture weapons and supplies Poor transportation system Weak federal government = not strong enough to control Southern states Jefferson Davis did not have complete power like Lincoln

Military Leadership Union Advantage The Confederacy Confederacy Robert E. Lee Winfield Scott George McClellan Ulysses S. Grant Ambrose Burnside Advantage The Confederacy

The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 Confederate officials began seizing federal-mint branches, arsenals, and military posts. Fort Sumter was a Federal outpost in Charleston, SC.

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 Confederate forces asked for its surrender. Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies. Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861.  Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later. The Civil War began.

Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan Goal: surround the Confederacy and squeeze them into submission

The Anaconda Plan Capture Richmond and force surrender Expel Confederates from border states Control of the Mississippi River to Stop the transport of: soldiers Weapons Ammunition Clothes Food other supplies needed Blockade southern ports to stop cotton shipments supplies from foreign nations

The “Anaconda” Plan

Southern Strategy Goal: to be recognized as an independent nation in order to preserve their way of life Defend its homeland, holding onto as much territory as possible until the North got tired of fighting Capture Washington, D.C. Control border states Gain England's support Expel Union troops from South

Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” September 17, 1862 25,000 casualties

President Lincoln

What was Lincoln’s initial objective in fighting the war? 1 What was Lincoln’s initial objective in fighting the war? "My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union" The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln edited by Roy P. Basler, Volume V, "Letter to Horace Greeley" (August 22, 1862), p. 388.

The Emancipation Proclamation

Emancipation in 1863

Emancipation Proclamation "That on the 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.

The Famous 54th Massachusetts

Location: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Battle of Gettysburg Date(s): July 1-3, 1863 Location: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Objective: Lee went on the offensive and hoped that a decisive victory on Northern soil would force Lincoln into surrendering Outcome: Confederates are forced to retreat resulting in a Union victory. The battle is seen as a turning point in the war because the Confederacy never recovered from causalities it suffered.

The Turning Point

Gettysburg Address Considered one of the most important speeches Purpose of speech was to honor the soldiers that lost their lives Concerned about the future of country. Have to win war to assure freedom and equality can be protected for all

Was Lincoln’s use of power justified? Lincoln’s Action Amendment broken or Civil Right violated Imprisoned suspects without charging them with a crime. No Trials Suspended Habeas Corpus Limited freedom of speech and press 1st Amendment 6th Amendment- Right to trial by peers Tried civilians in military courts Did President Lincoln violate his Constitutional powers? No Yes

Question: Explain why Lincoln would be giving his thumbs up (approval) to President Bush?

The North Initiates the Draft, 1863

Buy Your Way Out of Military Service

Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC

NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

1864 Election Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan (D)

Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865 Finally, after four years of fighting Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865

Casualties on Both Sides

Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

The Assassin John Wilkes Booth

The Assassination

WANTED!!

The Execution

NOW WHAT