An R&D Strategy to Decouple Energy from Water Addison K. Stark, James F. Klausner  Joule  Volume 1, Issue 3, Pages 416-420 (November 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2017.10.009 Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Joule 2017 1, 416-420DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2017.10.009) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Total Water Use and Intensity of US Thermoelectric Power Generation Total water use (billion gallons per day) for and intensity (gallons per kilowatt hour) of US thermoelectric power generation.2 Joule 2017 1, 416-420DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2017.10.009) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Schematic of Indirect Dry-Cooling Systems Schematic representation of an indirect dry-cooling system with supplemental cooling options as classified in the Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy's (ARPA-E) Advanced Research In Dry-cooling (ARID) Program. Joule 2017 1, 416-420DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2017.10.009) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Example Technologies for Decreasing the Water Consumption of Electricity Generation (A) Illustrations of two cutting-edge approaches to 3D printing heat exchangers. Top is a cross-media approach.5 Bottom is a topologically optimized composite material heat exchanger.4 (B) Example operation strategy for thermal energy storage (TES) deployment to avoid power plant capacity reduction during temperature excursions above the design inlet temperature. (C) From first principles toward deployable technologies. Passive radiative cooling materials were first demonstrated by Stanford University/SkyCool Systems using photonic structures.10 Other technologies under development include roll-to-roll coatings: SRI STATIC, PARC Hydra, and CU Boulder RadiCold.11,12 Joule 2017 1, 416-420DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2017.10.009) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Joule 2017 1, 416-420DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2017.10.009) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Joule 2017 1, 416-420DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2017.10.009) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions