Chapter 1:Introduction to the Study of Kinesiology Scientific Basis of Human Motion, 11e

Objectives Define kinesiology and explain its importance to the student of human motion. Describe major components of a kinesiology analysis. Describe a selected motor skill; Breaking it down into component phases. Identifying starting and ending points. Determine simultaneous-sequential nature of movement skills. Classify motor skills. State the mechanical purpose of movement skills. Identify joint and basic muscle groups in a movement skill. Kinesiology, 11e

Kinesiology The study of human movement from the point of view of the physical sciences Mechanics: biomechanics Anatomy: musculoskeletal anatomy Physiology: neuromuscular physiology Every structure that participates in movements of the body does so according to physical and physiological principles. Kinesiology, 11e

Safety, Effectiveness and Efficiency The underlying aim of kinesiology is Safety: structure movements to avoid doing harm to the body Effectiveness: success or failure of meeting goals of performance Efficiency: striving to achieve movement goal with least amount of effort Kinesiology, 11e

Kinesiology Practitioners Kinesiology helps to prepare physical educators, coaches, and fitness professionals to teach effective performance. Movements of the normal body Therapist and athletic trainers are primarily concerned with effects that exercise has on the body. Restoration of impaired function Kinesiology, 11e

Methods of Study Controlled Laboratory Studies Help students gain understanding of the nature and complexity of human motion. Primarily qualitative in beginning Advanced study includes EMG, motion capture, force transducers, and computer analysis equipment. As technology advances, new abilities increase the depth of knowledge and understanding. Kinesiology, 11e

Methods of Study Analysis Under Everyday Conditions Students learn how to apply a knowledge of kinesiology. Develop qualitative skills necessary for accurate observation, diagnosis, and treatment of faulty motor performance. Kinesiology, 11e

Components of Analysis Describing a skill in a logical fashion Breaking it down into its elements Evaluating performance Determining whether and how related anatomical and mechanical principles have been violated Prescribing corrections based on appropriate identification of cause Kinesiology, 11e

Kinesiological Analysis (Table 1.1) A. Description of the motor skill performance Primary purpose of the skill Applicable references to speed, accuracy, form, etc. Speed Speed and accuracy Accuracy Form Fig 1.1 Kinesiology, 11e

Kinesiological Analysis (Table 1.1) A. Description of the motor skill performance 2. Movement phases break down motion into “phases” Preparation Power Follow-through Kinesiology, 11e

Kinesiological Analysis (Table 1.1) Description of the motor skill performance Classification of the skill Classification provides clues to the nature of anatomical and mechanical requirements of a group of skills. Kinesiology, 11e

Kinesiological Analysis A. Description of the motor skill performance 4. Simultaneous-sequential nature of motion Simultaneous: segments move as one Sequential: segments in an orderly sequence Simultaneous Sequential Kinesiology, 11e

Kinesiological Analysis (Table 1.1) B. Anatomical analysis Joint actions and segment motions: Which joints are involved, and what are their exact movements in the skill? Any limited range of motion? Refer to Table 1.2 Muscle participation and form of contraction Which muscles produce joint actions? What type of contraction? Kinesiology, 11e

Anatomical Analysis Model Joint Joint Action Segment Moved Plane and Axis Force Contraction Type Prime Movers Kinesiology, 11e

Kinesiological Analysis (Table 1.1) B. Anatomical analysis 3. Neuromuscular considerations Which neuromuscular mechanisms are involved? What is the nature of involvement? Kinesiology, 11e

Kinesiological Analysis (Table 1.1) B. Anatomical analysis 4. Anatomical principles related to effective and safe performance: Which anatomical principles contribute to efficiency and accuracy? Which principles are related to avoidance of injury? Kinesiology, 11e

Kinesiological Analysis Mechanical analysis Underlying mechanics objective(s) Balance: regain stability, attain mobility Jump stop, track start Locomotion: travel Walking, running, skipping Projection: height, range, and accuracy Pole vault, long jump, throwing Manipulation: objects or resistance Weightlifting, writing Maximum effort: speed, power, and force Sprinting, power lift, blocking Kinesiology, 11e

Kinesiological Analysis (Table 1.1) Mechanical analysis 2. Nature of forces causing or impeding motion Modifying forces 3. Mechanical principles that apply 4. Violation of principles Which applications(s) of principles is (are) violated? What are the errors? What are the sources of error? Kinesiology, 11e

Kinesiological Analysis D. Prescriptions for improvement of performance indicate how the performance should be changed so that the principles are no longer violated. Strategy for effecting change Concentrate on the causes of error, not on the symptoms. Kinesiology, 11e