Population Pyramids and Controls AP Human Geography Lesson 3 Population Pyramids and Controls

Population Composition Population Composition – the make-up of a population (sex, age, marital status, and education) Age and sex are the most important of these factors Displayed using population pyramids

Poorer Countries (Evergreen Tree) note the wide base, low life expectancy and concave profile A population pyramid typical of stage 2 - note the wide base, lengthening life expectancy and pyramidal profile

Wealthier Countries (Vase Shape) A population pyramid typical of stage 3 - note the narrowing base, increasing life expectancy and rocket shaped profile A population pyramid typical of stage 4 - note the narrowing base, long life expectancy and vase shaped profile

Stage 5 A population pyramid typical of stage 5 - note the ever diminishing base and very long life expectancies

A population pyramid typical of stage 1 - note the wide base, low life expectancy and concave profile A population pyramid typical of stage 2 - note the wide base, lengthening life expectancy and pyramidal profile A population pyramid typical of stage 3 - note the narrowing base, increasing life expectancy and rocket shaped profile A population pyramid typical of stage 4 - note the narrowing base, long life expectancy and vase shaped profile A population pyramid typical of stage 5 - note the ever diminishing base and very long life expectancies

Metrics for Understanding Living Conditions Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) Number of deaths in the first year of life for every thousand live births Child Mortality Rate (CMR) Number of deaths of children between the ages of 1 and 5 Marasmus, Beriberi, and Kwashiorkor are nutritional diseases impacting children Life Expectancy average number of years someone may expect to live This is an average and often low life expectancies are caused by high IMR and CMR

AIDS Impact Pandemic Spread from Africa in the 1980’s Poorer countries can’t afford medicine Still a huge problem in Sub-Saharan Africa In some countries 1 in 4 are infected Creates Chimney population pyramids Chimneys reflect burden placed on the young AIDS orphans

Troubles Facing Wealthier Countries Chronic Diseases – those associated with old age (heart disease, stroke, and cancer) Many diseases like diarrhea and pneumonia are minor problems

Government Intervention Why would government be interested in population growth?

Expansive Population Policies Encourage large families Attempt to raise the rate of natural increase Generally pursued by countries with aging populations Examples Tax breaks for having children Mandated leave time for parents Direct financial incentives for large families Mao and Hitler Sweden

Eugenic Population Policies Designed to favor one or more groups Nazi Germany, Greece and Turkey, Peru, and the United States are some examples of this occurring Forced migration, sterilization, and execution are all methods that have been employed

Restrictive Population Policies Attempt to reduce the rate of natural increase Most common population policies These policies include propaganda, contraceptive distribution, legislating against large families, and sterilization