Behavior

Adaptation Review Adaptations are traits that increase an organism’s chance of survival in a particular environment. Adaptations are inherited from parents. Adaptations can be physical or behavioral. Ex. Fur color, nocturnal vs. diurnal, hibernation (winter) and estivation(summer) Ex. Flower color, thorns, catching flies

Learned Behaviors in Animals Learned behavior has been changed by practice or experience. Habituation-doing something so much you do not think about it anymore or it has no affect. Ex. Birds in your yard do not fly away when you are in the yard. Conditioning-making a mental connection between a stimulus and a reward or punishment. Ex. Trial and Error (maze), Pavlov’s Dogs Insight Learning/Reasoning- solving a problem based on previous knowledge.

Animal Behaviors Instinct behavior (innate) is behavior that the animal is born with. Ex. Fight or Flight, reproduction, protection from predators, hibernating/estivating Taxis-movement in relation to a stimulus that has a direction toward or away from the stimulus Reflex-movement in relation to a stimulus. What controls these behaviors? DNA!!!

Imprinting Imprinting is a type of behavior that is both learning and innate. There is a limited phase in an animal’s development which is the only time when certain behaviors can be learned Konrad Lorenz

Social Behaviors: Behaviors that benefit the entire group! Courtship- Dances to attract mates Territoriality-mark the area so others know it is your area Hierarchy – social levels within a group Communication- inform others of location of food or danger Pheromones https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcHt5n3NGK0 Bee Dances http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vaszh2bY3mc

Behavior All animals function on circadian rhythms. Rhythmic Behaviors-behaviors that occur in a cycle or pattern. All animals function on circadian rhythms. “biological clocks” Include activities an animal would do in a 24 hour cycle. Ex. Sleep, Wake, Eat, Excretion, etc. Annual Rhythms=occur over several seasons or a year. Hibernation/estivation (dormancy in winter/summer) Plant Biological rhythms-photoperiodism

Plant movement! Tropism Movement because of an environmental stimulus AND the direction is determined by the stimulus. Permanent (until the stimulus changes) Ex. Phototropism=light Thigmotropism=touch Gravitropism=gravity Hydro=water Tropisms are positive (toward) or negative (away). Example: a plant’s leaves show positive phototropism. These are controlled by plant hormones. See pictures!

Behavior Stations / 50 pts. Complete the behavior stations in any order. Record all stations in your notebook to be graded tomorrow. For station #2 you will need the diagram sheet with different graphs of behavior data. Station #5 is optional. If you have time work through the Behavior Interactive on our website. Try the practice quiz.

Hormones that affect plants. Auxins-cause cells to grow, stop (this can cause the plant to move)  Gibberellins-cause germination and growth of seedlings, increase fruit size, and can promote flowering  Ethylene-Ripens fruit Abscisic Acid-dormancy, blocks other hormones