Erucic acid Erucic acid.

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Erucic acid Erucic acid

החומצה הארוקית היא חומצה שומנית, חד בלתי רוויה, עם 22 אטומי פחמן אומגה 9, 22:1n9 . בשמן קנולה מגיע ריכוז החומצה הארוקית ל-4.1%, ואחרי עיבוד יורד הריכוז ל-2%. העיבוד כולל החלפת החומצה הארוקית בשמנים הנגזרים מהחומצה האולאית (2). בשמן מזרעי חרדל ריכוז החומצה הארוקית הוא 42% (1). ניתן להשתמש בה כמקור לביו-דיזל. השם ארוקית ניתן לחומצה כי מצאו אותה לראשונה בצמח Eruca-בן חרדל. היא נפוצה בכמה צמחים ממשפחת המצליבים. היא מיוצרת בצמח על ידי התארכות של חומצה אולאית בסיוע של שני אנזימים (3). בגוף האדם, החומצה נשברת בכבד לחומצות שומניות קצרות יותר.

אין הסכמה לגבי בטיחות השימוש בחומצה הארוקית כחלק מהתזונה אין הסכמה לגבי בטיחות השימוש בחומצה הארוקית כחלק מהתזונה. יש חוקרים שטוענים שיש לה השפעה מגינה על הלב, אחרים טוענים שהיא מזיקה (4). ניסויים שנעשו על עכברים וחולדות הראו נזק רב שנגרם לחיות. ישנם חוקרים הטוענים שעכברים וחולדות אינם מעכלים שמן צמחי, גם ללא חומצה אירוקית. האיחוד האירופי וארצות נוספות אסרו על שימוש בשמן חרדל.

תערובת של חומצה אולאית וחומצה ארוקית ביחס 4:1 נותנת שמן הנקרא Lorenzo's oil. משתמשם בשמן הזה כטיפול ניסיוני במחלה נדירה של מערכת העצבים, הנקראת adrenoleukodystrophy . אצל המטופלים בשמן לורנזו מצאו מספר קטן של טסיות דם- תרומבוציטופניה (5). שמנים המכילים ריכוז גבוה של חומצה ארוקית אינם מומלצים בתקופת ההנקה.

Sahahsrabudhe MR. Crismer values and erucic contents of rapeseed oils Sahahsrabudhe MR. Crismer values and erucic contents of rapeseed oils. J. of American Oil Chemists Society, 1977, 54: 323-324 . David J. Anneken S. Cristoph R. et al. Fatty Acids in Ullmann's Encylopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH Weinheim. Bao Xiaoming, Pollard M. Ohlrogge J. The Biosynthesis of Erucic Acid in Developing Embryos of Brassica RAPA. Plant Physiol. 118: 183-190. Food Standards Australia New Zealand, June 2003, Erucic acid in food. Crowther MA. Barr RD. Kelton J. et al. Profound thrombocytopenia complicating dietary erucic acid therapy for adrenoleukodystrphy. American J. of Hematology, 1995, 48: 132-133.