A self-regulating 30-minute string o’ questions… Express yourself… A self-regulating 30-minute string o’ questions…
Differential gene expression is responsible for what characteristic that is NOT present in prokaryotes?
Cell differentiation tissues organs that serve different multicellular functions
Two major enzymes present during chromatin remodeling?
What vegetables do you eat with your Thanksgiving dinner? Beets me…
Histone acetyl transferase (HAT) Histone deacetylase (HDAC)
Specific importance of HATs (and not just because it’s chilly outside…
Adds negatively charged acetyl group to histone complex within nucleosome to neutralize the charge so DNA is not so attracted to it, allowing remodeling to occur.
Regulatory sequences on DNA cause what to happen?
Protein binds to these sequences and causes gene activity to change.
Why did the police arrest the turkey? It was suspected of fowl play…
Yeast metabolize galactose Yeast metabolize galactose. In the presence of galactose, what is the effect on gene expression?
Transcription of the five galactose utilization genes increase significantly.
Why was the Thanksgiving soup so expensive? It was made with 24 carrots!
How are promoter-proximal elements (PPEs) and enhancers different?
One PPE exists per gene and allows for precise transcriptional control One PPE exists per gene and allows for precise transcriptional control. Enhancers positively regulate transcription and there can be many within, or around, a gene.
Eukaryotic genes are turned on when specific regulatory proteins bind to these?
Enhancers and PPEs
Eukaryotic genes are turned off when these events occur?
Regulatory proteins bind to silencers. Chromatin remains condensed.
Of regulatory and basal transcription factors, these DO NOT bind to enhancers, silencers, or PPEs.
Basal transcription factors – they bind to the promoter only.
The myriad of basal transcription factors are collectively called the basal transcription complex, it does what?
Attracts and recruits RNA polymerase to the promoter region to begin transcription.
When would you serve a tofu turkey? At pranksgiving…
In the context of the mRNA transcribed above, describe alternative gene splicing and its purpose.
It is a means to create more proteins than the total number of genes we possess. Humans have 20,500 genes but make 50,000 proteins, this splicing allows for the different primary a.a. sequences to generate this.
These single stranded sections function to complement specific sequences on mRNA and interfere such that translation will not occur.
Micro RNAs or miRNAs
Proto-oncogenes perform what function?
Code for proteins that regulate cell growth.
This is the result when proto-oncogenes convert into oncogenes.
Proteins that regulate division are not produced, thus cells grow uncontrollably. This can result in the development of cancer.
This is the means by which the p53 protein becomes the “guardian of the genome”.
It is a tumor suppressor gene that binds directly to the damaged DNA region and remains there until the damage is repaired in that cell.