Reviewing AMERICAN GOVERNMENT MODULE 3C. AMENDMENTS ON SUFFRAGE, THE PRESIDENCY AND UNIQUE CIRCUMSTANCES Reviewing AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

LEARNING TARGETS 11, 12, AND 13 Cite evidence to show that the Constitution has been repeatedly amended to extend suffrage to disenfranchised groups. Explain the historical circumstances surrounding the adoption of constitutional amendments pertaining to presidential election, terms and succession. Describe the unique circumstances surrounding the adoption of Amendments 11, 21 and 27. Four Amendments (15, 19, 24, and 26) have provided for extensions of suffrage to disenfranchised groups. Five amendments (12, 20, 22, 23, and 25) have altered provisions for presidential election, terms and succession to address changing historical circumstances. Amendments 11, 21 and 27 have addressed unique historical circumstances.

SUFFRAGE AMENDMENTS Amendment 15 - prohibits the denial of suffrage to people because of race, color or previous condition of servitude adopted as part of Reconstruction Era efforts to extend rights to African Americans Amendment 19 - prohibits the denial of suffrage on account of sex granted women the right to vote in all states

SUFFRAGE AMENDMENTS (continued) Amendment 24 - prohibits the use of poll taxes in federal elections poll taxes were used to disenfranchised the poor and African Americans Amendment 26 - extends the right to vote to citizens who are 18 years of age or older adopted in response to the fact that many young men being drafted to fight in the Vietnam War were not eligible to vote

PRESIDENCY AMENDMENTS Amendment 12 - altered the procedures of the Electoral College allowed separate balloting for president and vice president to avoid a tie in electoral college Amendment 20 - shortened time between elections and when presidents and members of Congress take office improvements in transportation allowed for easier travel to Washington avoid “lame duck” periods in the transition from one administration or session to another.

PRESIDENCY AMENDMENTS (continued) Amendment 22 - imposed a two-term limit on presidential terms passed following four-term presidency of Franklin Roosevelt to institutionalize the two-term tradition established by George Washington Amendment 23 - provided electors for the District of Columbia Amendment 25 - successor to the presidency was designated as President included provisions for filling Vice Presidency outlined procedures in case of presidential disability passed in response to VP Lyndon Johnson taking office after assassination of President Kennedy

UNIQUE CIRCUMSTANCES Amendment 11 Supreme Court ruling in Chisholm v. Georgia (1793) - lawsuit involving a state being sued by a citizen from another state could be heard in federal court concerns over the extent of federal power - amendment limits jurisdiction of federal courts in cases of this type repeals a portion of Article III, section 2, clause 1 of the Constitution

UNIQUE CIRCUMSTANCES (continued) Amendment 21 Volstead Act - implement provisions of 18th Amendment to prohibit manufacture and sale of alcohol difficult to enforce - widespread disregard for prohibition and increased criminal activities campaign against prohibition - led to ratification of the 21st Amendment - repealed the 18th Amendment Amendment 27 originally proposed, but not ratified with the Bill of Rights opposition to congressional pay raises 1980s - ratified in 1992

REVIEW AND PRACTICE As you watch the video below, take notes on how constitutional amendments have expanded voting rights.

Press the esc key for edit mode REVIEW AND PRACTICE Highlight the correct answer to the question below. Which situation brought about the adoption of the 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution? A. Women were denied the right to vote in many states through the U.S. B. Many young men who were drafted to fight in the Vietnam War were not eligible to vote. C. African Americans were disenfranchised through poll taxes under the Jim Crow system. D. The growing population the Washington D.C. was not represented in the Electoral College. Press the esc key for edit mode Note: To highlight, select the “Text Color” button on the top bar, choose “Highlight” and select a color.

Press the esc key for edit mode REVIEW AND PRACTICE Move the amendments into the blank boxes to show how amendments addressed unique historical circumstances. Press the esc key for edit mode Historical Circumstances Amendment widespread disregard for prohibition and increased criminal activities concerns over the extent of federal power after the Supreme Court ruling in Chisholm v. Georgia (1793) opposition to Congress being able to raise their pay during their term 11th Amendment 21st Amendment 27th Amendment

Press the esc key for edit mode REVIEW AND PRACTICE Answer the question below in the space provided. Amendments 12, 20, 22, 23, and 25 have altered provisions for presidential election, terms and succession to address changing historical circumstances. Identify the circumstances leading to the passage of two of these amendments. Press the esc key for edit mode

REVIEW AND PRACTICE Click here for the Quizlet Vocabulary Practice Click here for the Edcite Mastery Assessment Note: this assessment includes content from Modules 3A, 3B and 3C.

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