Training the Best…To Lead the Rest Lt Col Regan ‘Claw’ Patrick 58th Training Squadron Training the Best…To Lead the Rest ATP-56(B) Introduction Lt Col Regan ‘Claw’ Patrick 58 TRS/ADO 3-5407 As of: 7 Oct 09

OVERVIEW Background ATP-56(B) Format Terminology Chapter Review 1, 2, 4, 5

Background Allied Tactical Publication (ATP) applicable to all NATO Allies All US DoD agencies, via Service All Combatant Commands (CENTCOM, CENTAF, SOCCENT) “The primary function of this manual is to provide aircrew with internationally standardized definitions, abbreviations and procedures to enable successful and safe AAR operations.” “US aircrews are to consider the instructions in this document as regulatory.” USAF has designated AMC as the lead command Waiver Authority: Operational Missions – COMMAFOR/NAF CC with OPCON Training Missions – MAJCOM/A3

Background Location http://www.raf.mod.uk/downloads/airtoair56b.cfm

Background NATO and US Equivalent Terms Part Applicability (Part 5 Annexes)

ATP-56(B) Format / Layout 5 Parts (Red=applicable to HAAR operations) Part 1 General Procedures Part 2 Fixed Wing AAR Part 3 Rotary AAR Part 4 Tiltrotor AAR Part 5 National Annexes Each Part is further Divided Into Chapters Some Chapters have Appendices

Terminology Part 1, Annex 1A Terminology Additions or Changes applicable to HAAR operations The following list reflects changes/additions relevant to HH-60G aircrews: AAR (change) – Air To Air Refueling AAR Stores (new) – Refueling Pod, Hose & Drogue Astern (new / formerly known as “Pre-contact”) – Stabilized formation position behind the AAR equipment (approximately 5 ft directly aft of the drogue) with zero rate of closure Awaiting AAR Position (new / AKA“Observation”) – Echelon on the left wing of the tanker. Clear Astern (new) – Clears Receiver To Astern Position Requires call/signal from tanker when refueling from a USMC asset, unless previously briefed

Terminology End AAR (ENDAR) (new) – A planned point or the actual position within the confines of the AAR track at which all AAR operations/ requirements are complete HAAR – (new) Helicopter Air to Air Refueling NAAR (change) – Night AAR Nose Cold (New) – Radar Selected To Standby RV (change) – Rendezvous Procedure RV Flight Level (FL)/Altitude/Height (new) – The FL, altitude, or height of the tanker during a RV procedure Soft Contact (new) – Probe Has Not Fully Engaged The Drogue Spokes (new) – Receiver has damaged the Drogue Hard Hose (Dead Hose) (new) – A hose condition in which hose slack is not properly taken up on contact. Any resulting hose whip is likely to damage the receiver’s probe

Briefing Requirements Briefing requirements increased substantially Recommended briefing card format

Part 3, Chapter 2 RV/Contact Procedures Fuel transfer rate is normally 500 – 1,000 lbs per minute Dependant on Tanker Config (verify!) Standard RV is conducted receiver low for a left-hose join-up Left side refueling is primary All receivers will stabilize in the astern position (formerly pre-contact) prior to attempting contact

One Tanker Two or More Receivers

Part 3, Chapter 2 Rendezvous (RV) Procedures Rendezvous procedures according to the T.O. 1-1C-1-20: [-20, Page 1-8] “The receiver will be established at join-up altitude no later than the ARIP and proceed down track.” ATP-56 guidance has changed slightly by adding the requirement to be at AAR airspeed NLT the ARIP, or previously briefed location: [203c.(1)] “Join-Up Altitude. Receivers should be established at or below (above for receiver high) join-up altitude and at AAR airspeed no later than the ARIP, or at a previously briefed location. Receivers will be at join-up altitude no later than the ARCP. The join-up altitude is dependent on whether the join up is receiver high or receiver low.”

Part 3, Chapter 2 Contact/Fuel Transfer Astern Position new phrase to describe the ‘pre-contact position’ [206a.] “After completion of the contact checklist and when the tanker is ready, the receiver will be cleared to the astern position on the appropriate hose. A single clearance from the observation position to the contact position may be used if briefed, or is standard procedure in accordance with the tanker’s National Annex; however, all receivers will stabilize in the astern position prior to attempting contact.” ATP-56(B) still contains ‘pre-contact’ IAW with Part 5, Annex ZD, paragraph 3ZDa.(5)(c), when refueling from USAF HC/MC-130 tankers, a single clearance from the observation position to the contact position is standard procedure: [Annex ZD, para 3ZDa.(5)(c)] “…EXCEPTION: Unless briefed otherwise, one steady green light will be used to clear the receiver to contact from the observation position. Receivers are not required to wait in pre-contact for an additional signal for clearance to contact. Similarly, receivers are not required to wait for clearance from the tanker to disconnect.

Part 3, Chapter 2 Ground Laager ATP-56(B), paragraph 213 provides general procedures for instances where the receiver helicopter may be so low on fuel that they opt to land to conserve fuel. [213] Rendezvous from a Ground Laager. In some instances, the receiver helicopter may be so low on fuel that they opt to land to conserve fuel. The following may be used as a guide when setting up tactical rendezvous procedures from a ground laager. Receivers will confirm with the tankers the exact procedure to be used. a. Land with sufficient fuel to allow for shutdown, start and rendezvous with the tanker. b. Determine track heading and select an ARCP 2 nm from helicopter’s ground laager location. c. Pass ARCP coordinates/waypoint, track heading and requested onload to refueling coordinator. d. The tanker will calculate the ARCT and pass to the receiver. e. The tanker will fly over the helicopter position on the prearranged track at refueling altitude with hoses extended, ready for contact. f. Tanker will give an advisory call at 2 minutes prior to arriving at ARCT. g. Receivers will depart to make the ARCT. Immediately climb to join up altitude and accelerate to refuel airspeed. h. Conduct standard join-up and refuel procedures.

Part 3, Chapter 2 Types of RV RV Alpha (Anchor RV) RV Bravo (Head-on) RV Charlie RV Delta (Head-on offset) RV Echo (Tanker Orbit) RV Foxtrot (Sequenced) RV Golf (En route) RV Hotel (Random) Red Not Used with USAF HAAR

Part 3, Annex 2D RV Delta RV Delta (Head-on offset) – Most frequently used procedure May be performed electronically (minimum visibility of 1 nm) or visually (minimum visibility of 3 nm) 2 – 5 NM lateral offset (optimum is 3), abeam approx 3 min prior to ARCT Details are at Part 3 Annex 2D

Part 3, Annex 2D RV Delta

Part 3, Annex 2E RV Echo RV Echo (Tanker Orbit) – The only RV in which the receiver “manoeuvres the aircraft to affect the RV and join-up” Standard Tanker orbit is 6NM (3 min) legs with ½ SRT at the end of each leg (1 orbit every 10 min) Can be adjusted for METT-TC Alternate Tanker orbits around a pre-briefed, fixed point at a constant bank angle (usually 20° AOB) Receivers maintain 500’ vertical separation until Tanker in sight Tankers maintain constant turn until join-up is complete Details are at Part 3 Annex 2E

CONSTANT ANGLE TURN FOR JOIN-UP Part 3, Annex 2E RV Echo 3 MIN 10 MIN ORBIT CONSTANT ANGLE TURN FOR JOIN-UP ½ STANDARD RATE TURN 1 2 3 4 5 6 500’ BELOW ARCP ALTITUDE

Part 3, Annex 2G RV Golf RV Golf (En route/Overtaking) – Tanker approaches the receiver from the rear using visual (minimum visibility 3 nm) or electronic (minimum visibility 1 nm) means Tanker and Receiver may arrive over ARIP from different directions ARIP to ARCP course will be the same Details are at Part 3 Annex 2G

Part 3, Annex 2G RV Golf

Part 3, Annex 2H RV Hotel RV Hotel (Random) – Used during VMC as a method to facilitate an RV without losing visual contact with the receiver(s) Tanker establishes RV altitude at least 5 NM from Receiver(s) and maintains until visual contact established Once Receiver(s) are in sight, Tanker will descend/climb to refueling altitude (as req.) and ‘manoeuvres’ to ½ NM in trail to proceed with join-up Details are published at Part 3 Annex 2H

Part 3, Chapter 3 Formation HAAR Procedures For use with multiple Tankers Option 1 Two Tankers (primary and spare) No such thing as “Option 1 with a Spare” Option 2 At least two primary Tankers plus a spare(s) Prior to ARIP Helicopters separate into two elements in trail Standard spacing is 2 NM (may be as small as ½ NM) If using TACAN A/A to conduct RV, all distance references are from the lead Helicopter of the lead element

Part 3, Chapter 3 Formation HAAR Procedures Two join-up Methods for Option 2 Method 1 – Tankers maintain formation until approaching the second (trailing) Helicopter element, then the #2 primary Tanker splits from the leader to remain. Lead Tanker (plus spare, if avail) proceeds to lead Helicopter element Method 2 – Tankers establish spacing prior to ARIP. Spare tanker (if avail) remains with #2 Tanker. Tankers execute individual join-ups on their respective elements

Formation HAAR, Option 1

Formation HAAR, Option 2 Method 1

Formation HAAR, Option 2 Method 2

Part 3, Chapter 4 Lighting Configuration During RV both Lead and Trail Helicopters should carry anti-collision strobe light Lead may be NVG compatible (IR or ‘cloaked’) During simultaneous refueling operations with no spare tanker, one of the trail receivers (on either side) should carry the anti-collision light. Normally this is the trail receiver on the left side Receivers will have lighting configured no later than ARIP Receivers must now flash their formation/position lights 5 seconds before disconnect for EMCON 2, 3, and 4

Part 3, Chapter 4 Lost Contact Procedures New ROT (rule of thumb) for Receivers Multiply formation position x 300’ for assigned MSA Multiply formation position x 20° for assigned Heading Each receiver will call out the altitude and heading to which it is climbing and turning Spare tanker must now perform a standard rate turn (SRT) during execution of Lost Visual Contact Procedures (non-mountainous) Mountainous Lost Visual Contact Procedures have new climb altitude for Spare Tanker of MSA + 1,000’ Details at ATP-56(B) Part 3, Paragraph 404 b. and Figures 4-1 thru 4-4

Lost Visual Contact (Non-Mountainous Procedures) Yellow highlights indicated change to procedure Extracted from Figure 4-1. of ATP-56(B) Part 3

Lost Visual Contact Simultaneous Refueling (Non-Mountainous Procedures) Yellow highlights indicated change to procedure Extracted from Figure 4-2. of ATP-56(B) Part 3

Lost Visual Contact (Mountainous Procedures) Yellow highlights indicated change to procedure Extracted from Figure 4-3. of ATP-56(B) Part 3

Lost Visual Contact Simultaneous Refueling (Mountainous Procedures) Yellow highlights indicated change to procedure Extracted from Figure 4-4. of ATP-56(B) Part 3

Chapter 3, Part 4 Reduced Receiver Flight Performance Procedures for Reduced Receiver Flight Performance (RRFP) HAAR have been added (Paragraph 409) Similar to SE Refueling Procedures in -20 Refueling altitude will be 500’ below Receiver cruise A/S will be Tanker MOS or the Receiver A/S, whichever is higher Expect Receiver High RV Tanker sets hoses prior to arriving abeam No pause in Astern position – straight to refuel once contact is made Toboggan may be directed to increase Receiver energy advantage

Part 3, Chapter 5 Communications Tanker and Receiver will monitor guard frequency (para. 504) Standard HAAR Terminology (EMCON dependent) Receiver Abeam Observation Position (L/R) Astern (L/R) Contact (L/R) Disconnect / Inadvertent Disconnect (L/R) Receiver Clear (L/R) Crossover Breakaway

Part 3, Chapter 5 Communications EMCON definitions are at Part 3, Chapter 5, Annex 5A EMCON 1 – No changes EMCON 2 – Desired Standard; Initial Radio Call for Callsigns, Altitude, Mode 3, any changes in Tanker timing that will affect the RV (in minutes), Altimeter, and Hot Armament Check EMCON 3 – No changes EMCON 4 – No emitters will be used unless specifically authorized by the plan that the HAAR is supporting (ATO, SPINS, Rules of Engagement (ROE), Operations plan, Safe Passage procedures, or other mission directive) Table 5A-3. HAAR Refueling Light Signals

Chapter 3, Part 4 Breakaway Procedures HH-60G and HC/MC-130 aircraft will not use the Breakaway Procedures listed in Paragraph 407 of ATP-56(B) Part 3 ACC Aircrews will follow the procedures in Section 3 of the -20 ATP-56(B) limits responsibility of calling and directing a breakaway only to the tanker ACC identified this issue during coordination and will submit a change request to the publication’s first revision

Part 3, Chapter 5 Communications

Part 3, Chapter 5 Communications

Part 3, Annex 5A Communications Applies to HC/MC-130 signals Applies to USMC KC-130 signals

Part 3, Annex 5A Communications (New) Standard ALDIS Lamp signals is now 2 secs in duration

Part 5 - Annexes Each Country assigned its own AAR Annex which includes, but is not limited to Procedures, Restrictions, and Aircraft Specific Information Consult Appropriate National Annex for Operations with other Nation’s aircraft, fuel flow rates, and fuel pressures Part 5 Annexes applicable to HAAR (US Specific) Annex Z – National Annex – United States of America Annex ZD – HC-MC-130 Tanker Comparative Fuel Grades/Codes Annex ZF – Comparative Fuel Grades/Codes Annex ZG – USN/USMC AAR Operations

Training the Best…To Lead the Rest 58th Training Squadron Training the Best…To Lead the Rest ATP-56(B) Introduction As of: 7 Oct 09