Progressivism SSUSH 13a, b, d, e

SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the Progressive Era. a. Explain Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and federal oversight of the meatpacking industry. b. Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and describe the role of women in reform movements. c. Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP. d. Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a muckraker. e. Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, recall, and referendum; direct election of senators; reform of labor laws; and efforts to improve living conditions for the poor in cities. f. Describe the conservation movement and the development of national parks and forests; include the role of Theodore Roosevelt.

PROGRESSIVISM Suffragettes Civi l Rights Muckrackers Temperance Labor Unions Popul ists Goo Goos M i d c l a s s W o m e n 4

Introduction to Progressivism Manhattan's "Bandit's Roost" Alley, 1888 Men loiter in the alley known as "Bandit's Roost" off Mulberry Street in lower Manhattan.

Progressivism: What? Why? How? Reaction to Industrial Revolution (1890s-1920s) Why? Reaction to problems of Industrial Revolution How? Use the government to fix those problems

Progressivism: Who? Middle to upper-middle class Urban/city dwellers High educated Lots were women Senator Robert La Follette Sr. speaks to a group of women during his unsuccessful run for President as a Progressive in 1924.

Who got them started: Muckrakers Journalists that investigated and exposed political corruption, child labor conditions, city slums, and other social issues

And it became a reform movement: Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: Social Reforms Economic Reforms Political Reforms

Social, Economic and Political Reforms Problem Reformer Solution Urban Poverty Child Labor Food Inspection Segregation Big Business Corrupt Politics

Upton Sinclair His novel, The Jungle, tells the story of European immigrants working in Chicago’s meatpacking industry It exposed poor labor practices and unsanitary conditions that produced contaminated food Congress was pushed to pass laws like the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food & Drug Act What was the cause and the effect of the publication of The Jungle?

The Jungle, Upton Sinclair: It was only when the whole ham was spoiled that it came into the department of Elzbieta. Cut up by the two-thousand-revolutions-a-minute flyers, and mixed with half a ton of other meat, no odor that ever was in a ham could make any difference. There was never the least attention paid to what was cut up for sausage; there would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white - it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together. This is no fairy story and no joke; the meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one - there were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit.

And it became a reform movement: Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: Social Reforms Social Problems Reforms/Reformers/Solutions 1. Urban Poverty Jane Addams & Hull House (in Chicago!) Beginnings of social work Provided education, job training, day care, medical care to poor immigrants

Hull House Women were particularly involved in the Progressive movement Jane Addams borrowed a British idea, the settlement house, which was a social service agency that provided trained workers for recent immigrants and working-class people in the cities Taught economics, brought medical care, child care, taught English, gave legal advice, gave job training, etc Is effective change in society better created by the government or by the actual people living in the community?

And it became a reform movement: Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: Social Reforms Social Problems Reforms/Reformers/Solutions 2. Child labor Child Labor Laws

Thinking Slide (Think! Don’t Write!) If you were in charge, which of the social reforms would you tackle first? Why?

And it became a reform movement: Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: Economic Reforms Economic Problems Reforms/Reformers/Solutions 1. Large corporate monopolies Ida Tarbell In a series of magazine articles, she exposed political corruption in major US cities Took on the corruption of Standard Oil through a series of magazine articles Government began “busting” monopolies Sherman Anti-Trust Act: Monopolies are now illegal in U.S.

And it became a reform movement: Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: Political Reforms Political Problems Reforms/Reformers 1. Corrupt Government Initiative - people get around corrupt politicians by proposing legislation themselves Referendum - people have to approve legislation

And it became a reform movement: Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms: Political Reforms Political Problems Reforms/Reformers/Solutions 1. Corrupt Government Recall - people can recall corrupt politicans Secret ballot Women’s suffrage (voting) Direct election of Senators

“Bosses of the Senate” What does it mean? Pigs Cartoon “Bosses of the Senate” What does it mean?

What did Progressives fight for? 17th Amendment: direct election of Senators (1913) by citizens What do the 15th and 17th Amendments all have in common? *Made Congress more accountable to the people

17th Amendment In 1913, the 17th Amendment was passed to give the citizens of the US the power to elect their state’s two senators In the past, other government workers and party officials had had control over selecting senators What do the 15th and 17th Amendments all have in common?

Jim Crow Laws Segregation laws that allowed for separate public & private facilities for black Americans resulted in inferior education, health care, and transportation systems for blacks

Since, the 14th Amendment had guaranteed equal treatment of all citizens, how can these laws be legal?

Plessy v. Ferguson These controversial Jim Crow laws were constitutionality upheld in the Supreme Court case of Plessy v. Ferguson. Using the “separate but equal” doctrine, the Court ruled racial segregation was legal in public accommodations such as railroad cars. What might be a possible problem with the doctrine of “separate but equal”?

NAACP 1908 Progressives came together in conference to discuss violence and injustices against African Americans W.E. B. DuBois and Ida Wells-Barnett - African American progressives Started National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

NAACP The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was formed to seek full social & economic equality for blacks Who helped found the NAACP?