Chapter 8 The Byzantine Empire and Emerging Europe LESSON 1 – The First Christians LESSON 2 – THE DECLINE OF ROME LESSON 3 – THE EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH LESSON 4 – THE AGE OF CHARLEMAGNE LESSON 5 – THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE After the Roman Empire declined, a time period called the Middle Ages began (500-1500) A series of changes took place as Germanic groups moved into the former Roman Empire Trade was disrupted Cities declined Populations moved to rural areas Learning declined – Mainly priests literate Greek language lost Latin changed; dialects formed – French…Spanish Germanic kingdoms began to emerge Different from Roman Empire Loyalty to local lords; common, unwritten laws No large centralized government www.glscott.org

Roman power declined and the Germans were the dominant force in Europe The Germanic people had begun to move into the Roman Empire by the 3rd century CE 500CE, the western Roman Empire had been replaced by various states ruled by German kings Roman power declined and the Germans were the dominant force in Europe The Kingdom of the Franks <<<<< From where does the name "France" come? In Gaul, a group named the Franks ruled Led by Clovis, who converted to Christianity and unified his kingdom Clovis’ rule spread to what is now France United most of the tribes in Gaul Strengthened Merovingian Dynasty www.glscott.org

The most dominant and long-lasting of the Germanic kingdoms - the kingdom of the Franks…they: 1. Established by Clovis, a strong leader who became the first German ruler to convert to Catholic Christianity in 500CE Legend has it that Clovis was losing a battle and he promised God he would convert to Christianity if he won the battle He won …he converted Franks – Germanic tribe united under King Clovis in 5th cent. Converted to Catholicism Capital in Paris Empire divided b/w sons after death Solidified people of W. Europe under common culture Easy to unify against Muslims (Charles Martel, defeated Muslims in Battle of Tours) www.glscott.org

2. his conversion won him support from the Roman 2. his conversion won him support from the Roman Catholic Church (the Christian church was now called this in western Europe) 3. He defeated many tribes and merged them into a united kingdom which took in parts of present day France and parts of Germany 4 He died, sons divided his kingdom causing the Franks to lose power until the 8th c. Frankish tradition divides the property amongst all of the male heirs. www.glscott.org

In 732CE, Charles MARTEL and his men defeated invading Muslims at the Battle of Tours This was extremely important, Why? Turn to your partner and discuss Why do you think this was considered extremely important? Charles Martel Did he know he would win, no but he didn’t have a choice he had to confront the Muslim army First he needed money, then men He had to convince the farmers to fight The church was hesitant to give Martel the money son of Pepin, had succession certified by Pope, not cool son of Charlemagne 962, HRE, Otto the Great www.glscott.org

Charlemagne: Charles Martell's grandson, who expanded the Franks kingdom once again His name means: Charles the Great Empire It covered much of central Europe www.glscott.org

Charlemagne's Kingdom: was run by Charlemagne's household staff and German nobles (counts) who acted as Charlemagne’s representatives Missi dominici: messengers who were sent to make sure the counts were loyal to Charlemagne    3. promoted education and learning, especially in monasteries 4. expanded in territory as Charlemagne’s reputation and prestige grew - he was soon the most powerful ruler in Europe   www.glscott.org

On Christmas Day, in 800CE- the Pope crowned Charlemagne as Emperor of the Romans This symbolized the joining of three elements of culture: Roman 2 . Germanic Christian As traditions blended, it would help to unify Europe with people of differing language, culture and territory Charlemagne is often known as the Father of Europe          www.glscott.org