8th Grade Physical Science

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Presentation transcript:

8th Grade Physical Science All About Energy 8th Grade Physical Science

Energy exists in 2 states: Potential Kinetic

Law of Conservation of Energy Energy is neither created nor destroyed, it changes forms

Energy has several forms Light (light, electromagnetic) Nuclear (atomic) Electrical Heat (thermal) Sound Chemical Mechanical

What is energy? The ability to do work The ability to cause matter to move The ability to cause matter to change Measured in joules & calories

Law of Conservation of Energy The amount of energy used to initiate a change is the same as the amount of energy detected at the end of the change. In other words, energy cannot be created or destroyed in a physical or chemical change.

What is Potential Energy? Stored energy Energy of position The amount of usable energy in a body at rest Sometimes called GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY

Potential energy can be increased by: Increasing height Increasing mass

What is Kinetic Energy? Energy of motion Energy an object has because it is moving

Kinetic Energy can be increased by: Increasing mass Increasing speed

Mechanical Energy Mechanical energy is the total energy of motion and position of an object. Both kinetic energy and potential energy are kinds of mechanical energy.

What is Thermal Energy? Thermal Energy is all of the kinetic energy due to random motion of the particles that make up an object. All matter is made up of moving particles, so all matter has thermal energy. Thermal energy increases as temperature increases. Thermal energy is always present when an enery conversion occurs!!!

What is Chemical Energy? Chemical Energy is the energy of a chemical compound that changes as its atoms are rearranged. Chemical energy is a form of potential energy because it depends on the position and arrangement of the atoms in a compound. The energy in food is chemical energy.

What is Electrical Energy? Electrical Energy is the energy of moving electrons. Electrical energy can be thought of as potential energy that is used when you plug in an electrical appliance and use it.

What is Sound Energy? Sound Energy is caused by an object’s vibrations. The object’s vibrations transmit some kinetic energy to the air particles, which also vibrate. These vibrations transmit sound energy.

What is Light Energy? Light Energy is produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles. Also called electromagnetic energy

What is Nuclear Energy? Nuclear Energy is energy that comes from changes in the nucleus of an atom. Nuclear energy can be produced when nuclei are joined in a fusion reaction or when a nucleus is split apart in a fission reaction.