Lab Safety Policies Don’t stand on lab chairs Don’t sit or stand on lab tables No dangling jewelry or loose clothes. No open toed shoes. Be careful with sharp corners. Recall location of phone and first-aid kit. Report ALL injuries Point out where the phone and first-aid kit are located – make sure the first aid kit is turned so it is easily visible. Report all injuries that occur in your lab to one of the lab supervisors.

Engineering 1182 Lab Overview Team Design/Build Project Details are in your course packet: read them and make sure you understand! Roller Coaster Design Documentation Building Testing Report Presentation This slide provides an overview of the areas that students will be responsible for during the quarter. It is essential to stress that they need to read and understand the material in their course packet. We will not be providing a more detailed overview in the instruction slides. The picture shows a Roller Coaster built by student team in Summer ‘03. Duct tape to hold the roller coaster supports to the table is STRICTLY PROHIBITED

Overview of Labs Lab 1 Introduction to Roller Coaster Design Lab 2 Energy Losses Lab 3 Circuit Prototyping Lab 4 Speed Sensor Calibration Lab 5 Building Session #1 Lab 6 Building Session #2 Lab 7 Building Session #3 Lab 8 Final Construction - Preliminary Testing of Design Lab 9 Final Testing of Design Lab 10 Oral Presentations In Physics, the word ‘conservation’ means that it does not change with time. Energy could certainly change form,(e.g. from P.E to K.E), but the overall energy of the system remains conserved.

Roller Coaster Dynamics-1: Energy Conservation

Physics Concept - Energy ENERGY is a conserved property of an object that relates to its ability to do work. Energy can have a number of forms, for example mechanical, electrical, chemical, or nuclear. E Units: Joules or N-m (Newton-meter). There are different formulas describing different forms of energy. In Physics, the word ‘conservation’ means that it does not change with time. Energy could certainly change form,(e.g. from P.E to K.E), but the overall energy of the system remains conserved.

Law of Conservation of Energy (COE) Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Energy can only be changed from one form to another. In Physics, the word ‘conservation’ means that it does not change with time. Energy could certainly change form,(e.g. from P.E to K.E), but the overall energy of the system remains conserved.

Energy Transfers As the ball rolls down the roller coaster track, some energy of the moving ball is: Lost to friction and dissipated as heat Spent in overcoming Air Resistance Lost to Structural Deformation Converted to Sound Energy Unwanted Energy Losses ! Energy transferred away from the ball is sometimes called Energy Losses because the energy is lost from what we’re interested in (in this case the ball).

Energy Transfers (continued) In general, energy transferred away from the ball will NOT come back, and so the total mechanical energy of the ball will be always decreasing. In the real world, we cannot avoid losses but can only MINIMIZE and/or ALLOW for them. While it’s possible to conceive of air currents pushing the ball and adding some energy, in an environment like the lab rooms any “gain” will be negligible and should be ignored.

Let’s put it together ! For the ball rolling along the roller coaster track, between any two subsequent points: 𝑃𝐸 1 + 𝑇𝐾𝐸 1 + 𝑅𝐾𝐸 1 = 𝑃𝐸 2 + 𝑇𝐾𝐸 2 + 𝑅𝐾𝐸 2 +"𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠" While it’s possible to conceive of air currents pushing the ball and adding some energy, in an environment like the lab rooms any “gain” will be negligible and should be ignored.

Design Considerations You will be estimating the velocity of the ball at selected points along your roller coaster track using energy calculations to: Make sure the velocity into turns is not too high (making banking difficult) Make sure that the ball can reach the top of vertical loops Make sure that the ball will not fly off the top of bumps

Assignments Lab Memo (Team)