SWBAT: Describe how life changed in America during WWI Do Now: Read the scenario on your paper and answer the three discussion questions

Imagine we had a shortage of service men for our ongoing conflict in Afghanistan and potential conflicts in Iran, North Korea, and Ukraine. The national government needs to address this concern. They decide to reinstitute the draft. The draft will be for the next five years and all citizens 18-45 have to register. 1.What is your reaction to the draft? 2.How would this affect your life? What would you do? 3.Should the military service be forced upon people or should the United States have an all-volunteer army? Why?

Selective Service Act U.S. needed a way to raise an army Selective Service Act is passed in May of 1917 Required men between 18 and 45 to register with the government to be randomly selected for military service 24 million registered with about 3 million being called to duty during the war

U.S. Espionage Act - June, 15 1917 Section 3: Whoever, when the United States is at war, shall willfully make or convey false reports or false statements with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the military or naval forces of the United States or to promote the success of its enemies and whoever when the United States is at war, shall willfully cause or attempt to cause insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, refusal of duty, in the military or naval forces of the United States, or shall willfully obstruct the recruiting or enlistment service of the United States, to the injury of the service or of the United States, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both. 1. Under the Espionage Act, what actions would be considered illegal?

The U.S. Sedition Act - May 16, 1918 A portion of the amendment to Section 3 of the Espionage Act. Section 3: Whoever, when the United States is at war, shall willfully make or convey false reports or false statements with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the military or naval forces of the United States, or to promote the success of its enemies, or shall willfully make or convey false reports, or false statements, . . . or incite insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, or refusal of duty, in the military or naval forces of the United States, or shall willfully obstruct . . . the recruiting or enlistment service of the United States, or . . . shall willfully utter, print, write, or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government of the United States, or the Constitution of the United States, or the military or naval forces of the United States . . . or shall willfully display the flag of any foreign enemy, or shall willfully . . . urge, incite, or advocate any curtailment of production . . . or advocate, teach, defend, or suggest the doing of any of the acts or things in this section enumerated and whoever shall by word or act support or favor the cause of any country with which the United States is at war or by word or act oppose the cause of the United States therein, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both.... 1. How did the Sedition Act modify the Espionage Act? What else did it make illegal? 2. For its supporters, what would be the argument given to justify the Espionage and Sedition Acts? 3. The Espionage and Sedition Acts limit what civil liberty? And what amendment is this civil liberty found within?

The Anti-Draft Circulars An American Socialist, feeling that American involvement in World War I was an attempt to bolster the capitalist system, mailed circulars to men eligible for the draft, stating that being conscripted against one’s will was unconstitutional and should be resisted. The prosecution argued that this interfered with the government’s right to raise an army in time of war. Guilty or Not Guilty? Sentence/Fine:

The Leaflets Dropped From a Window Several men, concerned about America’s involvement in the unfolding Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, dropped some leaflets from a window to pedestrians below. The leaflets urged that American workers go on strike to protest America’s involvement in another nation’s civil war. The prosecution argued that while the leaflets made no statement about the U.S.’s role in World War or its allies, a strike might hamper war production and thus their actions were illegal. Guilty or Not Guilty? Sentence/Fine:

The Anti-Draft Speech An American Socialist leader stood on a street corner in Cincinnati, Ohio and told a crowd of passers-by that the draft was wrong, that the European War was not America’s fight, and that the U.S. should withdraw its troops immediately. The prosecution contended that these words were inflammatory and could hinder the recruitment of soldiers by the Selective Service Administration. Guilty or Not Guilty? Sentence/Fine:

Espionage and Seditions Acts Passed in June 1917 and May 1918 Espionage Act made it a crime to interfere with the war effort or to “promote the success of its enemies” Sedition Act made it a crime to say anything that was disloyal to or criticized the government or military It was a general crackdown on labor organizers, socialists, anti-war activists, radicals and recent immigrants

Schenck v. United States (1919) An American Socialist named Charles Schenck distributed leaflets calling the draft a “deed against humanity,” among other things. He was convicted of violating the Sedition Act and appealed his case to the Supreme Court The Supreme Court upheld his conviction, saying during wartime his words were not protected under free speech

Apply Your Knowledge What current United States law limits some of our civil liberties (freedoms) today? The Patriot Act - significantly reduced restrictions in law enforcement agencies' gathering of intelligence within the United States Do you believe the government should be able to limit people’s freedoms during times of war? Explain!!

Wartime Economy Wages increased, but so did food and housing costs Unions grew and strikes became frequent President Wilson established the National War Labor Board in 1918 Improved factory conditions but also told laborers to “work or fight” President Woodrow Wilson used the Council of National Defense to increase government control over the economy.

Wartime Economy 16% of male workers enlisted in the army and the positions were filled by women and African-Americans. The Great Migration was the movement of million blacks out of the Southern United States to the Midwest, Northeast and West from 1910 to 1930. African Americans migrated to escape racism and to seek jobs in industrial cities.

Patriotism and Helping The Cause President Wilson needed public opinion to be in support of the war The government created a domestic propaganda campaign and started the Committee on Public Information to try to achieve this The CPI placed pro-war advertisements in magazines and passed out pamphlets usually attacking Germany There was also an emphasis on purchasing liberty bonds and conserving resources such as food and donating books for the war effort

Create Your Own… Create your own wartime poster urging Americans to either conserve their resources for the war or to donate money and supplies. Create a catchy slogan and make sure to explain why their help is needed. A relevant and appropriate visual Provide any necessary labels/captions to help gain a better understanding