Information Technology is any combination of information technology and people's activities that support 1.Operations 2. Management 3.Decision Making M AHENDRA M EHRA : AMIS

Strategic level Management level Knowledge level Operational level OPERATIONAL MANAGERS KNOWLEDGE & DATA WORKERS MIDDLE MANAGERS SENIOR MANAGERS M AHENDRA M EHRA : AMIS

Computerized system that performs and records the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct the business; these systems serve the operational level of the organization EXAMPLE: payroll, accounts payable M AHENDRA M EHRA : AMIS

Database update: customer orders inventory purchase orders customers suppliers Database update: customer orders inventory purchase orders customers suppliers Internally generated transactions: shipped orders purchase orders employee time cards Externally generated transactions: customer orders vendor invoices customer payments Data input Processing Management reports Documents: pick list cheque to vendors receiving notices pay cheques Operational reports: finished product inventory status raw materials; packing materials; spare parts; inventory status QUERY M AHENDRA M EHRA : AMIS

Te general ledger: wages and salaries Management reports Employee data from various departments Government document M AHENDRA M EHRA : AMIS

Rapid Processing Reliability Standardisation Controlled Access

All primary key values are unique (e.g., no two employee records have the same employee number). The database has referential integrity, meaning that records reference only objects that exist (e.g., the Part record and Customer record that are referenced by an Order record really exist). Certain data values are in a particular range (e.g., age is less than 120 and social security number is not null). A TOMICITY C ONSISTENCY I SOLATION D URABILITY a transaction needs to be atomic (or all-or-nothing), meaning that it executes completely or not at all. There must not be any possibility that only part of a transaction program is executed. An execution is serializable (meaning isolated) if its effect is the same as running the transactions serially, one after the next, in sequence, with no overlap in executing any two of them. This has the same effect as running the transactions one at a time. Durability means that when a transaction completes executing, all its updates are stored in stable storage; that is, storage that will survive the failure of power or the operating system. Even if the transaction program fails, or the operating system fails, once the transaction has committed, its results are durably stored on stable storage and can be found there after the system recovers from the failure. M AHENDRA M EHRA : AMIS

Batch processing is a resource-saving transaction type that stores data for processing at pre-defined times. Batch processing is useful for enterprises that need to process large amounts of data using limited resources. Examples of batch processing include: credit card transactions In many circumstances the primary factor is speed. Online transaction processing systems are computer systems that take transaction related information that is time sensitive and immediately process it and keep it current consistently. This type of online transaction processing system is primarily used within online banking, inventory control, scheduling for manufacturing companies, and ticket reservations. For example: Booking system M AHENDRA M EHRA : AMIS

Process data generated by and about transactions Maintain a high degree of accuracy Ensure data and information integrity and accuracy Produce timely documents and reports Increase labor efficiency Help provide increased and enhanced service Help build and maintain customer loyalty Achieve competitive advantage M AHENDRA M EHRA : AMIS

SPECIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM MIS/DSS TPS DATA INFORMATION ROUTINE MORE LESS DECISION SUPPORT MORE LESS INPUT and OUTPUT MORE LESS COMPLEXITY OF PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS MORE LESS M AHENDRA M EHRA : AMIS

Is Transaction processing system must for MIS Implementation? Explain with example Transaction, Batch transaction processing system.(May 2009) Explain the Transaction Processing Cycle in detail (May 2010, May 2008, Dec 2007)

B ATCH P ROCESSING An example of batch processing is the way that credit card companies process billing. The customer does not receive a bill for each separate credit card purchase but one monthly bill for all of that months purchases. The bill is created through batch processing, where all of the data are collected and held until the bill is processed as a batch at the end of the billing cycle. M AHENDRA M EHRA : AMIS

R EAL T IME P ROCESSING In transaction processing data is entered and processed straight away However, there may be a short delay as the system must COMPLETE each transaction BEFORE starting the next one Sometimes called interactive or pseudo real- time processing i.e. it looks like stuff is happening instantly A common use of interactive processing is for booking systems Remember, each transaction must be completed before the next one begins M AHENDRA M EHRA : AMIS