Exercise, Muscle Movements and Naming Muscular System “On your mark, Get set, Go!”

“Use it or Lose it”- Regular exercise increases size, strength, and endurance Anatomy of a Muscle Cell Aerobic “endurance” ex. Jogging, biking Stronger, more flexible muscles, less fatigue, cells have more mitochondria Increases metabolism, digestion, coordination, bone strength, heart strength, and gas exchange. Decreases fat deposits Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Exercise Video Resistance (isometric) is key in making muscles contract with as much force as possible. Increases size and strength *** You need both of the above to be fully healthy.

Steroids! Negative effects of steroids Increase mass, O2 capacity of RBC’s, aggression, bloated faces, shriveled testes, infertility, blood cholesterol levels, and mental problems *** Do you want this ???

Types of Movements Origin- attaches to the immovable bone Insertion- attaches to movable bone ** When contraction occurs, the insertion moves toward the origin Flexion = decrease angle, two bones move closer together Extension = increase angle, two bones move farther apart Abduction = move away from the midline Adduction = move toward the midline Rotation = mov’t. of bone around a long. axis

More movements.. Circumduction = F + E +Ad + Ab Ex. Arm in circle Pronation = outward from anat. position Supination = posterior to anterior Inversion = sole inward Eversion = sole outward Dorsiflexion = stand on heels Plantar flexion = stand on toes

Types of Muscles … Groups of muscles work together Prime mover = one pulls one way, & the other(antagonist) returns it to the original position *** Only one can move at a time! Synergists = stabilizes joints when moving certain muscles Fixators = specialized synergists

Naming Skeletal Muscles (all to an imaginary midline) 1) Direction of Fibers ex. rectus = straight, oblique = slanted 2) Size ex. Maximus (large) minimus = small 3) Location (bone it covers) ex. Frontal 4) # of Origins ex. Biceps (2) triceps (3) quadriceps (4)

More about naming muscles… 5) Location of insertion ex. Sternocleidomastoid 6) Shape ex. Deltoid = triangular 7) Action ex. Flexion flexes extensor extends