What is an ion? A charged particle that results from the LOSS or GAIN of electrons Positively charged  cation Negatively charged  anion Atoms gain/lose electrons in order to obtain a stable valence e- configuration like the noble gases The Octet Rule: All other elements want a full valence shell of 8 e- like the noble gases (except for He which is stable with 2 valence e-) 1

Chemical Properties of Metals and NMs 1 Metals tend to LOSE electrons and become positively charged ions Non-metals tend to GAIN electrons and become negatively charged ions

Have one valence electron Highly reactive with water Group 1: Alkali Metals Have one valence electron Highly reactive with water Lose one electron to become +1 charged ions 1

Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals Have two valence electrons Reactive with water **Elements in Groups 1 and 2 are so reactive that they are never found alone in nature (only found in stable compounds) Lose two electrons to become +2 charged ions 1

Transition Metals Groups 3-12: Transition Metals Can have multiple oxidation states Colored ions must be transition metals 1

Inner Transition Metals (Rare Earth Metals) Lanthanide series: an extension of period 6 Actinide series: an extension of period 7 1

The Halogens Have 7 valence electrons Group 17- The Halogens Have 7 valence electrons Gain one electron to become -1 charged ions 1 Start here period 5 on Friday

The Noble (Inert) Gases Group 18- Noble (Inert) Gases Stable/ Non-reactive Have a complete valence shell of 8 e- (except He which has 2 valence e-) 1