Induction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Antihypertensive Therapy: Is There Any Role of Alpha Adducin, ACE, and IRS-1 Gene?  Sumeet Gupta, MPharm, PhD, Vikas Jhawat, MPharm, PhD Student  Value in Health Regional Issues  Volume 12, Pages 90-98 (May 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2016.10.005 Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Pathophysiological association between hypertension and diabetes. RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Value in Health Regional Issues 2017 12, 90-98DOI: (10.1016/j.vhri.2016.10.005) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Relative risk of NOD in comparison with placebo reported by different studies. ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CHARM, Candesartan in Heart failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity; DREAM, Diabetes Reduction Assessment with Ramipril and Rosiglitazone Medication; EWPHE, European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly; HOPE, Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation; NOD, new-onset diabetes; PEACE, Prevention of Events with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Trial; SHEP, Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program; SOLVD, Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction; TRANSCEND, Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in ACE-Intolerant Subjects with Cardiovascular Disease. Value in Health Regional Issues 2017 12, 90-98DOI: (10.1016/j.vhri.2016.10.005) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Relative risk of NOD in comparison with BB/diuretics reported by different studies. AASK, African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ALLHAT, Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering treatment to prevent Heart Attack Trial; ALPINE, Antihypertensive Treatment and Lipid Profile in a North of Sweden Efficacy Evaluation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ASCOT-BPLA, Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm; BB, β-blocker; CAPPP, Captopril Prevention Project; CCB, calcium channel blocker; INSIGHT, Intervention as a Goal in Hypertension Treatment; INVEST, International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study; LIFE, Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction; NOD, new-onset diabetes; NORDIL, Nordic Diltiazem Study; STOP-2, Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2. Value in Health Regional Issues 2017 12, 90-98DOI: (10.1016/j.vhri.2016.10.005) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Relative risk of NOD in comparison with CCB reported by different studies. AASK, African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ANBP2, Second Australian National Blood Pressure Study; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker; NOD, new-onset diabetes; STOP-2, Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2; VALUE, Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-Term Use Evaluation. Value in Health Regional Issues 2017 12, 90-98DOI: (10.1016/j.vhri.2016.10.005) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Antihypertensive therapy–induced risk of NOD via alpha adducin gene polymorphism. GFR, glomerular filtration rate; NOD, new-onset diabetes. Value in Health Regional Issues 2017 12, 90-98DOI: (10.1016/j.vhri.2016.10.005) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Antihypertensive therapy–induced risk of NOD via ACE gene polymorphism. ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; NOD, new-onset diabetes. Value in Health Regional Issues 2017 12, 90-98DOI: (10.1016/j.vhri.2016.10.005) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Antihypertensive therapy–induced risk of NOD via IRS-1 gene polymorphism. IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate 1; NOD, new-onset diabetes. Value in Health Regional Issues 2017 12, 90-98DOI: (10.1016/j.vhri.2016.10.005) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions