Starter Why did Henry want a divorce? Why did Wolsey fail? https://www.slideshare.net/tomrichey/the-english-reformation- 41113344 to slide 30

Fall of Wolsey No Divorce What next? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zkp7TPZHjyA What changed? How?

Learning objectives Know how Henry achieved his divorce Know who helped him

“Henry takes on the power of the church and wins” What did he do? Who supported him? Overview based on video clip

Who were the key players The 3 Toms What do we need to know? And an Anne

The 3 Toms Background Attitude to Protestantism Jobs What were their successes What were their failures End of life Then devise 5 questions about the 3 Toms to ask the rest of the class ( you need to know the answers as well)

What else do you need to know? Complete first 2 tasks in homework book

Getting a divorce from Europe– what needs to be done?

People Money Security Getting a divorce– what needs to be done? Power – sovereignty Money Power-sovereignty: Need to get powers to divorce legally. Not just enough to declare that you are divorced. Had to go through Parliament to do this. Security: Needed to be aware that angering the pope could be dangerous. Could lead to excommunication which could mean that Catholic subjects could be encouraged to rebel. Also potential threat of invasion. Also divorce created propblems with Spain as Charles V was Katerhine of Aragon’s nephew. People: Needed to convince people that Anne was rightful queen and that divorce was valid. Money: Could apply pressure to pope by refusing to pay papal taxation (Peter#s pence) and refusing to pay annates (a year’s revenue of a see on bishops’ apppointments) and first fruits and tenths (same thing for other clergy) to Rome. Also, money is power! Security

Power-sovereignty: Need to get powers to divorce legally Power-sovereignty: Need to get powers to divorce legally. Not just enough to declare that you are divorced. Had to go through Parliament to do this. Security: Needed to be aware that angering the pope could be dangerous. Could lead to excommunication which could mean that Catholic subjects could be encouraged to rebel. Also potential threat of invasion. Also divorce created propblems with Spain as Charles V was Katerhine of Aragon’s nephew. People: Needed to convince people that Anne was rightful queen and that divorce was valid. Money: Could apply pressure to pope by refusing to pay papal taxation (Peter#s pence) and refusing to pay annates (a year’s revenue of a see on bishops’ apppointments) and first fruits and tenths (same thing for other clergy) to Rome. Also, money is power!

Securing a divorce - objectives Put pressure on English clergy not to oppose Put pressure on Pope, then challenge the Pope But was taking over the church a vague threat or official policy?- what do historians say = page 70

Establishing the Royal Supremacy: How? What was the Submission of the Clergy? What did this change? What was the Act in Restraint of Appeals and why was this significant? How does it relate to the Collectanea Satis Copiosa? What was the Act of Supremacy and why was this significant? What was the Act of Succession? Why was this necessary? What was the Treason Act and why do you think Henry passed it? Useh/w 0 booklet with table from SHP and teacher fill in gaps using notes on next page Which of these do you think was most important in the break from Rome? How far do these Acts constitute religious change?

Establishing the Royal Supremacy: How? What was the Submission of the Clergy? What did this change? What was the Act in Restraint of Appeals and why was this significant? How does it relate to the Collectanea Satis Copiosa? What was the Act of Supremacy and why was this significant? What was the Act of Succession? Why was this necessary? What was the Treason Act and why do you think Henry passed it? Submission of Clergy: Gave Henry power over Church law (ie church could no longer make laws independently) and Henry could choose bishops even if the poe didn’t approve. Act of Restraint of Appeals: Used the ‘evidence’ in the Collectanea Satis Copiosa (collection of historical documents compiled by Cranmer and Edward Foxe) to conclude that the king had ‘Imperial Jurisdiction’ meaning that he was not subject to any other power, church or otherwise. This meant that only he could make legal decisions and nobody could appeal to Rome. Paved the way for getting an annulment of his marriage to Catherine, as she would not be able to appeal to Rome. Act of Supremacy: Legal force to Royal Supremacy, though this had basically been established by submission of clergy and Act of Restraint of Appeals. Very significant because it tied up all loose ends and made Henr head of Chruch of England. Act of Succession necessary because he had to declare marriage to Cahterine void (and their children illegitimate) especially as he was already married to Anne! Treason Act: Needed to enforce Royal Supremacy otherwise anyone could speak out against it. Was this really harsh? Elton and Gunn suggest that he only nused it when necessary to prosecute high profile people who could post a serious challenge to the King, like Thomas More. Which of these do you think was most important in the break from Rome? How far do these Acts constitute religious change?

Submission of Clergy: Gave Henry power over Church law (ie church could no longer make laws independently) and Henry could choose bishops even if the poe didn’t approve. Act of Restraint of Appeals: Used the ‘evidence’ in the Collectanea Satis Copiosa (collection of historical documents compiled by Cranmer and Edward Foxe) to conclude that the king had ‘Imperial Jurisdiction’ meaning that he was not subject to any other power, church or otherwise. This meant that only he could make legal decisions and nobody could appeal to Rome. Paved the way for getting an annulment of his marriage to Catherine, as she would not be able to appeal to Rome. Act of Supremacy: Legal force to Royal Supremacy, though this had basically been established by submission of clergy and Act of Restraint of Appeals. Very significant because it tied up all loose ends and made Henr head of Chruch of England. Act of Succession necessary because he had to declare marriage to Cahterine void (and their children illegitimate) especially as he was already married to Anne! Treason Act: Needed to enforce Royal Supremacy otherwise anyone could speak out against it. Was this really harsh? Elton and Gunn suggest that he only nused it when necessary to prosecute high profile people who could post a serious challenge to the King, like Thomas More.

What was the role of Parliament in establishing Royal Supremacy? What do you know about the role of Parliament up until this point? What was is generally used for? How are the various Acts used to establish the Royal Supremacy different from this? Why do you think Henry made use of Parliament in this way? Parliament generally used for taxation. Only called when monarch needed it. Also used for appeals from people. Statute law (Parliamentary law) did have a high status, but generally kings ruled by proclamation Significant political and religious change -not just taxation. This Parliament sat for a long time (7 years) which gave MPs lots of experience. These changes were so important that they needed the elevated status of statute law. Only Parliament can overturn laws made in Parliament, but royal proclamations can be overturned by royal proclamations. This meant his changes would be more lasting. Also, Henry needed the nobility, senior clergy, gentry and influential people (all represented in Parliament) in order to make sure that these changes were implemented in practice. Therefore he needed to a) get them onside and involve them in the decisions b) communicate what the changes were and c) gauge what resistance there might be by the reactions of people in Parliament.

What was the role of Parliament in establishing Royal Supremacy? Cemented the new laws – only Parliament could overturn them Communicated the new laws via MPs and the nobility Essential tool to put pressure on clergy and Pope. Systematically stripped away the power of the Pope and transferred these key powers to the king Known as the Henrician Reformation. It was a political reformation

Tricky words Clerical Praemunire Annates Supplication Ordinaries Canon law Articles Convocation Sacraments

Tricky words Clerical church/clergy Praemunire assets papal authority (over King) , can not appeal to Rome Annates tax higher clergy pay in their first year Supplication petition/list Ordinaries clerical abuses Canon law church law Articles beliefs/faith of church - doctrine Convocation clergy meeting ( parliament for clery) Sacraments solemn rites instituted by Jesus eg baptism, mass

What was Cromwell’s role? Summarise from previous work/recap