“Believe in yourself, or no one else will”

The Enlightenment and Revolution 1550-1789 Chapter 6

The Scientific Revolution 6.1 Pg. 189

Medieval View Most thought earth was center of universe Geocentric Theory Religion taught God put earth in center

New Way of Thinking Challenged the ideas of ancient thinkers & Church Scientific Revolution New way of thinking about the natural world Discovered lands previously unknown to Europe Printing press helped challenge ideas Helped fuel scientific research Better instruments and geographic measurements

Heliocentric Theory Copernicus Studied planetary movements for over 25 years Decided sun was at center of universe Feared scholars & clergy Scientists continue with Copernicus theory Galileo Galilei Build telescope in 1609 Noticed Sun had dark spots Moon was not smooth

Conflict with Church Galileo’s findings scared the church Went against church teachings Church warned to not defend ideas Galileo publishes a book Church summons him to Rome Threat to torture reads confession Lived under house arrest Church finally admits he was right in 1992

Scientific Method Logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas Frances Bacon Rene Descartes ‘I think therefore I am”

Newton Theories of motion Force that ruled motion of planets applied to other matter Gravity

Revolution spreads Instruments Microscope Mercury barometer Thermometer Medicine Dissection of corpses Smallpox vaccine Chemistry thought things were made up of much smaller particles

Homework Poster Full size paper Fully colored New idea/technology in 6.1

“Easy is the path to wisdom for those not blinded by ego”

The Enlightenment in Europe 6.2 Pg. 195

Government Hobbes Convinced all humans were naturally selfish & wicked People had to hand over to strong ruler Called this social contract Locke Believed people could learn from experience and improve themselves Natural ability to govern own affairs - self-government 3 natural rights Life, Liberty and property

5 Philosophes Reason - find truth through logical thinking Nature - What is natural is good & reasonable Happiness - urge people to seek well-being on earth Progress - Society and humankind can improve Liberty - In the bill of rights

Writers Voltaire Fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief & speech “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it” Montesquieu proposed separation of powers so no one person could control the government Rousseau Believed civilization corrupted peoples natural goodness

Women Many philosophes challenged government, society, education kept women at their social status Mary Wollstonecraft Said women need an education Women spread enlightenment through social gatherings & salons

Legacy Belief in progress growth of scientific knowledge Secular Outlook Non-religious outlook People question the church Importance of the Individual People look to themselves for guidance Use reason to judge what was right or wrong

Homework 6.1 & 6.2 Vocab REMEMBER!!! Staple! Label Your name

The Enlightenment Spreads 6.3 Pg. 202

The Enlightenment Spreads Diderot’s Encyclopedia Created a large set of books where scholars contributed articles Enlightenment angers French & Catholic Church Said it undermined royal authority, encouraged revolt Fostered “Moral corruption, irreligion & unbelief

Neoclassical Style Emerges 1600’s - early 1700’s Baroque - grand, ornate design Late 1700’s - Neoclassical Music New style of music Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Beethoven

Enlightenment & Monarchy Fredrick the Great Granted religious freedoms, reduced censorship, improved education Never tried to change the existing social order Called himself “First servant of the state” Joseph II Ruled Austria 1780-1790 supported freedom of worship Abolished serfdom

Enlightenment Cont. Catherine the Great Ruled Russia from 1762-1796 Formed a commission to review Russia’s laws Religious toleration Did little to help peasants after 1773 Expanded Russian territory Black Sea Parts of Poland