Bell Ringer How did Peter the Great attempt to modernize, westernize, and secularize Russia?

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Presentation transcript:

Bell Ringer How did Peter the Great attempt to modernize, westernize, and secularize Russia?

Origin Turkish nomadic people

1453- Mehmed II conquered Constantinople

Ottoman treatment of non-Muslims Christian Orthodox churches allowed to remain Jewish, Christian, and other minorities were allowed to maintain autonomy

Devshirme (collecting or gathering) Large conquered Christian regions had to hand over a quota of young boys. Taught Turkish, converted to Islam. Many would become Janissaries Elite soldiers, raised by the state

Religion Ottoman- Sunni (some religious tolerance under Suleiman) Safavid- Shia, No tolerance, Ismail I made conversion mandatory for population Mughal- Tolerance under Akbar, his blend of Hinduism and Islam was not popular.

Taxes/Economy Ottoman- Taxes on non-Muslims. Taxes on peasants. Safavid- Taxation policies used to encourage adherence to Shia Islam. Mughal- Taxes on unbelievers were abolished by Akbar but later reinstated. Taxes on peasants.

Military Ottoman- Warriors (often trained Janissaries) were granted villages to provide their upkeep. Leaders made the military independent of central government. Strong navy. Safavid- Warriors were the Qizlibash, Turcoman militants who helped establish the empire. Leaders made the military independent of central government. No significant navy. Mughal- Warriors were granted villages to provide their upkeep. Officials known as zamindars made the military independent of central government. Small navy.