Electronegativity: Electron Distribution in a Bond

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Presentation transcript:

Electronegativity: Electron Distribution in a Bond  Bonding Electrons NOT shared evenly. Methanol C H O More E.N. Less E.N. Electron density shifts in the direction of the more electronegative atom (oxygen). Increased electron density

Electronegativity: Electron Distribution in a Bond Figure 9.19 in text. Methanol C H O E.N. = 3.5 E.N. = 2.1 E.N. = 3.5 > E.N. = 2.1 More E.N. Less E.N. The O-H bond is a polar bond because it has + and – ends! + - Dipole Moment Vector: ...an arrow that indicates the direction electrons shift. ...includes an additional mark to indicate positive end. ...usually drawn through the bond.

Polar Bonds: Comparisons H E.N. = 3.5 E.N. = 2.1 E.N. = 3.5 – 2.1 B H Na Cl E.N. = 1.4 Polar Covalent E.N. = 2.0 E.N. = 2.1 E.N. = 0.9 E.N. = 3.0 E.N. = 2.1 – 2.0 E.N. = 3.0 – 0.9 E.N. = 0.1 E.N. = 2.1 Covalent Ionic Covalent <0.4 Polar Covalent 0.4 – 1.7 Pure Covalent Ionic >1.7 E.N. 0.4 1.7