C. Curceanu and J. Zmeskal LNF-INFN and SMI-OEAW SIDDHARTA results and future perspectives (SIDDHARTA-2) C. Curceanu and J. Zmeskal LNF-INFN and SMI-OEAW (On behalf of SIDDHARTA) LNF – SC, 40th meeting, 24 June 2010

Network WP9 – LEANNIS – FP7- I3HP2 SIDDHARTA SIlicon Drift Detector for Hadronic Atom Research by Timing Applications LNF- INFN, Frascati, Italy SMI- ÖAW, Vienna, Austria IFIN – HH, Bucharest, Romania Politecnico, Milano, Italy MPE, Garching, Germany PNSensors, Munich, Germany RIKEN, Japan Univ. Tokyo, Japan Victoria Univ., Canada EU Fundings: JRA10 – FP6 - I3HP Network WP9 – LEANNIS – FP7- I3HP2

SIDDHARTA measurements in 2009: - Kaonic helium 4 – published in Phys SIDDHARTA measurements in 2009: - Kaonic helium 4 – published in Phys. Lett. B 681 (2009) 310; another paper in preparation - PhD - Kaonic Hydrogen for about 400 pb-1 – under analysis – best measurement in the world (sensible improvement of the DEAR results) - Ph D - Kaonic deuterium for about 100 pb-1, as an exploratory first measurement ever (under analysis) – Ph D - Kaonic helium 3 – first measurement in the world, about 15 pb-1 (under analysis) - tesi Ph D SIDDHARTA – school for young researchers -

Energy calibration Calibration: periodic xray-tube switch on Ti Ka Ti Kb Fe Ka Fe Kb Mn Ka Cu Kb Cu Ka Au La esc Cu Ka Zn tail Calibration: periodic xray-tube switch on during beam Ti + Cu Ka lines line shape to fit detector response (sum of 100 sdds with individual resolution, small asymmetry effect) MENU 2010, Cargnelli energy (keV) 5 5

Kaonic hydrogen data shift about 270 eV Width about 500 eV 6

Kaonic deuterium data Hints (2 sigma) for: shift about 700 eV Width about 800 eV 7

p r e l i m i n a r y Kaonic hydrogen fit from the kaonic hydrogen spectrum the KD specturm was subtracted to get rid of the kaonic background lines KO, KN. KH (4-1),.. (9-1) KH (2-1) KH (3-1) p r e l i m i n a r y Note: Khigh yield pattern energy (keV)

Kaonic hydrogen siddharta preliminary

First SIDDHARTA paper on Physics: KHe4 Phys. Lett. B 681 (2009) 310 10

Published results Kaonic Helium-4 publication confirming the KEK E570 result using a gaseous target - KHe4 publication concerning yields of the transitions: under preparation [1,2,3] liquid He, [5] liq. He, Compton scattering corrected, [This] gaseous He, Compton negligable 11 11

12

More data on Kaonic Helium 4 KHe used for gasstop optimization + physics interest1) data from setup 2 (no Fe55 source) transition e.m.energy events (3-2) 6.464 1047 ± 37 (4-2) 8.722 154 ± 21 (5-2) 9.767 91.8 ± 19 (6-2) 10.333 82.4 ± 25 higher < 11.63 131 ± 41 KHe (3-2) p r e l i m i n a r y Counts / bin shift => +- 2.9 eV (stat.) KC (5-4) KHe (4-2) KHe (6-2) Ti Ka KC (6-5) KHe (5-2) KO (6-5) KHe Lhigh KO (7-6) KN (5-4) 1) compare KEK E570 KHe L lines in liquid He, consistent result, first measurement in gas X ray energy (keV) 13

p r e l i m i n a r y Kaonic Helium 3 shift = - 1.7 eV data of ~ 15 pb-1 taken 3.-7.11.2009 transition e.m.energy events (3-2) 6.224 1209 ± 40 (4-2) 8.399 220 ± 22 (5-2) 9.406 90.0 ± 18 (6-2) 9.953 65.8 ± 24 higher < 11.4 397 ± 40 KHe (3-2) KHe3 never measured before ! p r e l i m i n a r y Counts / bin KC (5-4) shift = - 1.7 eV +- 2.7 eV (stat.) +- 4 eV (syst.) KHe (6-2) Ti Ka KHe (4-2) KC (6-5) KHe (5-2) KHe Lhigh KN (5-4) KO (7-6) KO (6-5) X ray energy (keV) 14

Summary of SIDDHARTA results SIDDHARTA data taking finished Nov 2009. Preliminary results: K-p shift ~ 270 eV, width ~500 eV higher precision then in DEAR K-d first measurement ever, exploratory measurement, small signal, significance ~ 2s KHe4 measured for the first time in gaseous target, KHe3 first time measurement 15

SIDDHARTA2 setup KLOE setup

17

18

19

SIDDHARTA2 physics – enriched case (LEANNIS meeting at LNF, 8-9 April 2010 SIDDHARTA2: 1) Kaonic deuterium measurement 2) Investigate the possibility of the measurement of other types of hadronic exotic atoms (sigmonic hydrogen ?) 3) Kaonic helium transitions to the 1s level (and more precise measurements to 2p level) 4) Other light kaonic atoms (KO, KC,…) 4) Heavier kaonic atoms measurement (Si, Pb…) 5) Kaon mass precision measurement at the level of <10 keV 6) Kaon capture in hydrogen – L(1405) study

from MESON 2010 by E. Friedman

from MESON 2010 by E. Friedman

from MESON 2010 by E. Friedman

from MESON 2010 by E. Friedman

from MESON 2010 by E. Friedman

SIDDHARTA SETUP 40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

Phase 1 vacuum chamber more cooling power new target design new SDD arrangement improved trigger scheme 40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

Vacuum chamber 40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

New cooling systems Target cooling: 1 Leybold – 16 W @ 20 K Liquid hydrogen cooling lines, new target cell, selected materials SDD cooling: 4 CryoTiger – 60 W @ 120 K Liquid argon cooling lines: SDD cooling to 100 – 120 K 40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

New SDD / preamplifier arrangement holder port for in-situ calibration 40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

Kaon trigger / shielding planar Si SDD chip Pb-shielding target cell kaon trigger K- 40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

Phase 2 detector arrangement below IR 40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

Detector arrangement below IR 50 cm K+- Pb shielding HP-Ge HP-Ge 20cm2, GMX coaxial 5 – 1000 keV Ortec 8cm2, semi planar 6 – 500 keV Eurisys LN2 LN2 solid target 40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

Further improvements anti-coincidence additional x-ray detectors additional -ray detectors 40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

Shielding / anti-coincidences 40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

Additional X-ray detectors Si-PIN diodes under development 40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

Additional -ray detectors -ray detection: few MeV to 100 MeV 40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

The strategy for the first measurement campaign is obviously the measurement of kaonic deuterium in 2012. Based on the SIDDHARTA findings, the actual S/B rate for KH is at the level 1/5, meaning an S/B ratio for Kd at the level 1/50-1/100 (lower yield and larger width). With the factors gained from the setup improvement, the S/B for Kd is becoming 1/5-1/10, making a measurement in the range of a few 10 eV precision feasible for an integrated luminosity of about 600 pb-1, which could then become the first good measurement of Kd ever performed.

The other campaign measurements will be dedicated to: kaonic helium measurements to 1s levels, and kaonic oxygen solid target measurements : Sn, Si, Ca, Ni targets - MeV measurements for radiative kaon capture in hydrogen (re-measuring kaonic hydrogen as well) measurements with a setup below the beam pipe could be done in parallel with the others measurements, as soon as a preliminary setup will be ready crystal spectrometer measurements need completely new setup – the strategy is under evaluation.

DAFNE represents (as always did) an EXCELLENT FACILITY in the sector of low-energy interaction studies of kaons with nuclear matter. It is actually the IDEAL facility for kaonic atoms studies and the SIDDHARTA-2 collaboration, with its broad international nature, is convinced that NOW AND HERE the measurements could be done. (Or else, the future in this sector might remain open, with all its fundamental implications).

Acknowledgements The SIDDHARTA2 Collaboration is very grateful to the DANE staff for the continuous support and help not only in running DEAR and SIDDHARTA, but in having it made possible to pursue the adventure by proposing the SIDDHARTA2 measurements. We thank as well all LNF services whose contribution was and we are sure, will continue to be fundamental. We are as well grateful to the LNF-INFN Director, Prof. Mario Calvetti, for his support and continuous encouragement. We acknowledge the INFN support and help (in particular to Prof. A. Bracco). We acknowledge the support in the framework of EU FP6 and FP7 HadronPhysics and HadronPhysics2 projects. Last but not least we thank all our theoretician colleagues and friends in LEANNIS. We thank as well the following financing agencies: OEAW (SMI), IFIN-HH.