Describe the function of the Golgi Apparatus. DO NOW OCT 17 Describe the function of the Golgi Apparatus.
ANSWER The GA is a flattened stack of membranes with special compartments that modify proteins using special enzymes that attach carbohydrates and lipids. It collects, modifies, packages, and delivers molecules made at one location in the cell and used at another. Molecules can be used within the cell or exported out of the cell.
Cell Structure and Function Chapter 7 SECTION 2
7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 11/26/2018
Nucleus controls the cell’s activities and contains DNA prokaryotes: cells without a nucleus include bacteria eukaryotes: cells with a nucleus nuclear envelope: two membranes that surround the nucleus and contain nuclear pores nucleolus: found in the nucleus and made up of RNA and proteins makes ribosomes chromosomes: found in the nucleus and contain the genetic information Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 11/26/2018
Cytoplasm area between the nucleus and the cell membrane fluid contains many important structures called organelles: tiny structures that performs a specialized function in the cell Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 11/26/2018
1. Ribosomes structures in which proteins are made composed of RNA and protein some are attached to membranes some are found free in the cytoplasm smallest organelle made in the nucleolus Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 11/26/2018
Question of the DAY OCT 18 The main function of the vacuole in plants is to A. store sugar for later use in cellular respiration B. eliminate waste from the cell C. contain chlorophyll for use in photosynthesis D. store water to maintain a balanced water pressure with the cell’s surroundings.
DO NOW Oct 18 Explain the similarities and differences between chloroplasts and mitochondria.
DO NOW ANSWER Both organelles contain two membranes. They both have similar structures. They both convert one form of energy into another. Mitochondria converts chemical energy into a usable compound. Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy. Similar reactions occur in both organelles. Chloroplasts are only in plant cells and algae. Mitochondria are found in both plant and animal cells.
AGENDA OCT 18 BIG Question: What are the functions of a cell’s organelles? 1. QoD and DO NOW 2. FINISH Section 7-2 Organelles 3. Study your Chapter 7 Notes Quiz NEXT WEEK Sections 1 and 2 4. Homework and Review CELL BOOKLETS DUE MONDAY OCT 21 NO EXCEPTIONS All NOTES Posted on my webpage!!! USE THEM!!!
2. Endoplasmic Reticulum complex network of sacs that transports material through the inside of the cell two types smooth ER: does not have ribosomes attached special enzymes and chemicals are stored here rough ER: has ribosomes attached Synthesizes proteins Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 11/26/2018
3. Golgi Apparatus special compartments that modify proteins using special enzymes that attach carbohydrates and lipids looks like a flattened stack of membranes piled on top of each other modifies, collects, packages, and distributes molecules made at one location in the cell and used at another. Can be used within the cell or exported out of the cell. Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 11/26/2018
4. Lysosomes small membrane-bordered structures that contain chemicals and enzymes necessary for digesting materials in the cell that are taken in through endocytosis Endocytosis - engulfing materials that are too large to pass through the cell membrane formed by the golgi apparatus plant cells do not have lysosomes cell’s cleanup crew Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 11/26/2018
5. Vacuoles saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates plant cells have single large central vacuoles allows plants to grow quickly and gives extra support plastids: plant organelles that may take many forms one is the chloroplast involved in storage of food and pigments leukoplast: store starch granules chromoplasts: store pigments Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 11/26/2018
6. Mitochondria mitochondria: changes the chemical energy stored in food into compound that the cell can use contain two special membranes
7. Chloroplast chloroplast: trap the energy of sunlight and convert it into chemical energy only in plant cells and algae structure similar to mitochondria has a second membrane to change light energy into chemical energy reactions in both of these organelles are closely related
8. Cytoskeleton composed of a variety of filaments and fibers that support cell structure and drive cell movement microtubules: hollow and made of proteins provide support, help move organelles, and help in cell division microfilaments: long, thin fibers that function in movement and support help movement of cytoplasm called cytoplasmic streaming Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 11/26/2018
Centrioles aid the cell in cell division arranges the microtubules of the cytoskeleton only found in animal cells found in pairs
SECTION 7-2 REVIEW Close your notebooks. 1. Which organelle contains chemicals and enzymes necessary to break down or digest materials in the cell? 2. Which structures are found in pairs and only present in animal cells? 3. What is the function of a ribosome?
7-2 Review 4. What is the function of this organelle? 5. Describe the parts of the cell involved in the process of making a protein.
7-2 Review Answers 1. Lysosomes 2. Centrioles 3. Makes proteins 4. Traps energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy 5. Located within the nucleus, the nucleolus makes ribosomes. Ribosomes make proteins.