Unit 6 Cornell - C Describe the key battles fought in the Pacific and in Europe. “Why did President Truman decide to use the Atomic Bomb, and what were the consequences?

Strategies – Battles - Leaders Strategy – “The Game Plan”—How to “WIN” the war Decided by who ? FDR – Churchill – Stalin = “The Big 3”

Strategies – Battles - Leaders Where ? When ? 1st Meeting: CASABLANCA, 1943 Unconditional Surrender, GERMANY First 2nd Meeting: TEHRAN, 1943 Second Front in France (D-Day) 3rd Meeting YALTA, 1945 Post-war Europe (division of Germany), USSR will help in Pacific

Strategies – Battles - Leaders What’s the priority ? “Germany First”= means that priority for supplies/men goes to Europe What’s the goal ? “Un-conditional surrender”

Strategies – Battles - Leaders Europe Supreme Allied Commander - General Dwight D. Eisenhower Key Battles: See pg. 571 Stalingrad, 1942 (43) Hitler loses a WHOLE ARMY division—250,000 troops– and Soviet army begins move toward Germany Soviets total loss est. 1.1 million

Strategies – Battles - Leaders Europe Supreme Allied Commander - General Dwight D. Eisenhower Key Battles: 2. D-Day (Normandy Invasion), 1944 US-UK-Canadian forces land on French coast They open the “2nd Front” (the other Front was in USSR)

Strategies – Battles - Leaders Europe Supreme Allied Commander - General Dwight D. Eisenhower Key Battles: 3. Battle of the Bulge, 1944 (Dec.) Hitler’s last attack – surprise, winter time, but defeated – he loses 120,000 men

Strategies – Battles - Leaders Pacific Japanese Strategy Led by Admiral YAMAMOTO; he knows Japan will lose, unless – 1. Cripple US Fleet at Pearl Harbor (this buys time for, next step) 2. Fortify Pacific island defenses

Strategies – Battles - Leaders 3. Force Americans to fight back, island-by-island, with heavy casualties 4. Americans get weary of war, and seek to negotiate (no “unconditional” surrender for Japan)

Strategies – Battles - Leaders Pacific US Leaders: Admiral Nimitz General MacArthur (they divide the Pacific area) How can Americans avoid Yamamoto’s plan, of fighting on hundreds of islands ? Strategy: “Island Hopping” Use air & naval forces to leapfrog over many Jap. Islands, cut them off (See pg. 580) This speeds up advance and cost less in lives

Midway

Midway

Strategies – Battles - Leaders Pacific US Leaders - Admiral Nimitz and General McArthur Key Battles: 1. Battle of Midway, 1942 Japanese lost 4 arifcraft carriers, 1 cruiser, and 250 planes. Americans were now able to begin “Island Hoping” Strategy.

Strategies – Battles - Leaders Pacific US Leaders - Admiral Nimitz and General McArthur Key Battles: 2. Battle of Guadalcanal: 1942 (6 mon.) “The Island of Death”— Marked Japan’s first defeat on land. Americans can continue leapfrogging across the pacific.

Guadalcanal American GI, Ralph G. Martin “Hell was red furry spiders as big as your fist, Giant lizards as long as your leg, leeches falling from trees to suck your blood, armies of white ants with a bite of fire, scurrying scorpions inflaming any flesh they touched, enormous rats and bats everywhere, and rivers with waiting crocodiles. Hell was the sour foul smell of the squishy jungle, humidity that rotted a body within hours, .... stinking wet heat of dripping rain forest that took the strength of any man.”—

Kamakazi “Divine Wind”

Strategies – Battles - Leaders Europe Stalingrad – “Enemy at the Gates” - True story about snipers at Stalingrad Soviet Women Snipers: Roza Shanina

Strategies – Battles - Leaders Stalingrad – Soviet counter-attack, north and south of Stalingrad