Volcanoes.

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Presentation transcript:

Volcanoes

What is a volcano? A vent where molten rock and gas escape from inside the earth. Volcanoes transfer energy from the center of the earth to the surface. Vulcan-God of Fire

Types of Volcanoes Shield Built from layers of lava Non-explosive eruptions Not steep, but big

Types of Volcanoes Cinder Cone Moderately explosive, short explosions Steep slopes, small size Built from pyroclastic material

Types of Volcanoes Composite or Stratovolcano Most common type Explosive eruptions and lava flow Built from pyroclastic and lava flow

Stages of a Volcano Active Dormant Extinct

Types of Eruptions Non-explosive Lava Flow Pahoehoe lava-fast moving, low viscosity Aa lava-high viscosity, rough surface, jagged chunks

Types of Eruptions Explosive Pyroclastic Flow Dust-ash Pebble sized rocks

Volcano Stats 1500 potentially active volcanoes in the world. Less people die from volcanoes than earthquakes, hurricanes, and famines.

Volcano Deaths 92,000 Tambora, Indonesia-1815 36,000 Krakatau, Indonesia-1883 29,000 Mount Pelee, Martinique-1902 15,000 Mount Unzen, Japan-1792

Pompeii 79 A.D. Mount Vesuvius literally blew its top. Ash and pyroclastic flow covered the city. Sulfuric gas was blown into the air.

Mount Pelee, Martinique-1902 An eruption produced pyroclastic flow that destroyed the city of St. Pierre.

Mount St. Helens-1980 May 18th, 1980 57 Deaths Flattened 230 square miles of forest land

Mount St. Helens Before After

Volcanoes in Utah

How do Volcanologists predict eruptions Measuring small quakes Measuring slope Measuring volcanic gases Measuring temperature from orbit