Chap 36 Day 3 - WWII & Cold War- Aim:

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Chap 36 Day 3 - WWII & Cold War- Aim:

Origins of the Cold War Creation of United Nations, October 1945 Five permanent Security Council members: U.S., Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, China Differences over future of Poland, eastern Europe Soviets help bring communist governments to power, 1946-1947 Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland Albania and Yugoslavia already communist-controlled

The Truman Doctrine (1947) World divided into free and enslaved states – “Iron Curtain” across Europe U.S. to support all movements for democracy; commits to interventionist foreign policy “Containment” of communism

The Marshall Plan Named for George C. Marshall (1880-1959), U.S. Secretary of State Proposed in 1947, $13 billion to reconstruct western Europe Soviet Union establishes Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON), 1949

Military Alliances North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 1949 Collective defense Warsaw Pact, 1955 Countermeasure consisting of seven communist European nations

Occupied Germany, 1945-1949 Division of postwar Germany, especially Berlin Western powers merge occupation zones Soviet blockade of Berlin

Berlin Airlift 11 months of air shipments to Berlin, beginning June 1948 Cold war did not go “hot” Soviets lift blockade in summer 1949 East Berlin capital of “German Democratic Republic” Bonn capital of “Federal Republic of Germany”

Construction of the Berlin Wall 1949-1961: 3.5 million East Germans flee to West Especially younger, highly-skilled workers August 1961, construction of wall separating East and West Symbol of the cold war

The People’s Republic of China, 1949 Civil war between Communists and Nationalists erupts after defeat of Japan Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) forced to retreat to island of Taiwan with Nationalist forces Takes most of China’s gold reserves Mao Zedong proclaims People’s Republic of China, 1949 Beijing-Moscow Relations Both felt threatened by U.S. Mutual concern over U.S. rehabilitation of Japan Beijing recognizes primacy of Moscow as communist leader Receives military, economic aid in return

Summary