Grammar Review and Basics Wednesday, Jan. 26 Grammar Review and Basics

Nouns Basically a person, place or thing: brother, room, dog, chair. A proper noun is a specific person or place: Libby Taylor, America. Proper nouns are capitalized. A possessive noun shows ownership (the girl’s ball), a collective noun shows a group (the whole class).

Pronouns A pronoun takes place of a noun: he, she, I, you. Interrogative pronouns are used to form questions: Which or whom. We call the noun or word referred to by the pronoun antecedents. Ben rode his bike to school. Ben is the antecedent of his.

Verbs A verb expresses an action or a state of being. We sleep. The students study. We love it! Linking verbs connect the subject of a sentence with an adjective or noun. The concert was loud. I am a good student.

More Verbs The voice of a verb shows whether the subject performs the action or receives the action. The owl swooped upon its prey. The ice cream was scooped by the cashier. One voice is called active and one is passive. Can you make the passive voice active by changing the order of the words?

Verb moods Indicative - makes a statement: I am happy. Imperative - expresses a command: Stop doing that! Subjunctive - If I were a nice teacher I would not give you homework.

Adjectives Adjectives describe or modify nouns: cold winter, the east coast. Adjectives a, an, and the are called articles.

Challenge: Write a sentence… using a proper noun and a verb expressed in the imperative mood. using a verb, an interrogative pronoun, and an adjective. using a possessive noun, and an adjective starting with “d”. using an article and a passive voice verb.

Adverbs Adverbs describe a verb or sometimes an adjective. They answer the questions how, where and when. Examples: lively, here, frequently, slowly.

Prepositions Prepositions show the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to some other word. Examples: about, across, after, at, for, from, of, on, over, to since, until, with. Often our spoken language uses prepositions untraditionally!

Conjunctions Conjunctions join single words or groups of words. Examples: or, either, and, when. Subordinating conjunctions mean it makes one part of the phrase conditional to the other. Example: We ate lunch when it was ready. Here you see eating depends on it being ready.

Interjections Unrelated expressions of emotion or exclamation. Examples: Wow, that was cool! Aha, I was right!

Challenge: Write a sentence… using an interjection, and an article using a three letter preposition and a pronoun using a conjunction and a preposition using an adverb and an adjective using an adverb and a proper noun