GENE REGULATION prokaryotic cells – have about 2,000 genes

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Presentation transcript:

GENE REGULATION prokaryotic cells – have about 2,000 genes human genome – has about 30,000

Prokaryotes – genes are usually an unbroken stretch of nucleotides that code for a protein Eukaryotes – genes are interrupted by. . . introns – long segments of nucleotides that have no coding information. exons - the portion of a gene that are translated or expressed into proteins. After transcription the introns on the mRNA are cut or spliced, and the exons are then joined together and translated.

Evolutionary Advantage: by having introns and exons cells can occasionally shuffle exons between genes and make new genes.

Not all genes are transcribed and translated all of the time; this would waste the cell’s energy and materials. Cells, therefore, are able to regulate which genes are expressed and which are not depending on the cell’s needs.

2 1. Which step below represents transcription? 2. Which step below represents translation? 3. Which step below represents DNA replication? 3 1 (Proteins)

Anticodons: AAU AUG GUC 5. What are the codons that correspond to the following segment of DNA? DNA: CAG TAT GAT 6. What are the anticodons that correspond to the following segment of mRNA codons? mRNA: UUA – UAC – CAG Codons: GUC AUA CUA Anticodons: AAU AUG GUC