Protein Synthesis Ch. 10.3 (p.193-196) DNA →transcribes to RNA → translates amino acids → sequence proteins Transcribe = Translate = Sequence =

Protein Synthesis Ch. 10.3 (p.193-196) RNA comes in 3 types 2. tRNA = transfer RNA, the RNA transfers the info from mRNA into proteins Single chain of about 80 nucleotides folded into hairpin shape Kind of looks like a t

Protein Synthesis Ch. 10.3 (p.193-196) Proteins = biochemical molecules that make most of an organism’s body parts Proteins are made by stringing together amino acids in long chains called polypeptides The number and kind of amino acids determine a protein’s shape

Protein Synthesis Ch. 10.3 (p.193-196) SHAPE IS EVERYTHING, wrong shape and the protein won’t work Shape is determined by sequence Some are for structures like: muscles, skin, hair, wings, claws, etc… Some are for specific functions or jobs in the body called enzymes Does the shape of a screwdriver matter?

Protein Synthesis Ch. 10.3 (p.193-196) Enzymes are little protein tools that take things apart or put them together in your body: Lactase = enzyme that breaks apart milk sugar (lactose) Helicase = enzyme that opens up the DNA molecule -ase ending indicates a protein is an enzyme All enzymes are proteins but not all proteins are enzymes.

Protein Synthesis Ch. 10.3 (p.193-196) Translation = change the information into a new language Change from mRNA sequence to the amino acid sequence mRNA read like 3-letter words called codons

Protein Synthesis Ch. 10.3 (p.193-196) Codon = 3 letter sequence that gives the instructions for one amino acid anticodon = 3 nucleotide sequence that matches one tRNA to one codon as the complement start codon = tells the tRNA where to start building a protein stop codon = tells the tRNA where to

Protein Synthesis Ch. 10.3 (p.193-196)