Tuesday, October 10 What kinesthesis? What are some psychological and social cultural reasons for our perception of pain? What is sensory interaction? Give an example of how one sense can get affect another (McGurk effect). What is the difference between conduction deafness and sensorineural deafness? Today’s topic: Intro to Perception and Gestalt Rules Upcoming Dates: Homework: Terms Read perception pages 156-169 by Thursday 2nd period - Visual Cliff article due Thursday Assessments: Test on Monday

Sensory Interaction The principle that one sense may influence another Example: When the smell (or sight) of food influences its taste Flavor: Combination of odor, texture, temperature, and taste Sight of spoken words and the audition of spoken words influence each other The McGurk Effect

Cochlear Implant Device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea. Controversial in the deaf community – Why??

Hearing and Sound Distance between ears allows us to place sounds in space. Equidistant sounds – cock our heads to distinguish location Virtual Barbershop and binaural recording

Perception

Perception The psychological process of organizing sensory information into meaningful experiences Allows us to make sense of sensory input Imagine the confusion if we could not organize our sensory information

Perceptual Illusions Visual capture – the tendency for vision to dominate other senses (even logic!) When the sound from a movie projector comes from behind us, we perceive it coming from the screen When watching a roller coaster on TV, we hold on to our seats and brace for the ride even though we are not moving

Gestalt Psychology Emphasizes our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes. when people are exposed to a cluster of sensations, they automatically try to organize them into a whole Gestalt Psych in Lemons and Space!

Wednesday, October 11 What is perception? Give an example of a time that you have misperceived something. Today’s topic: Gestalt Rules Upcoming Dates: Homework: Terms Read perception pages 156-169 by tomorrow Assessments: Test and FRQ on Monday

Gestalt Principles

Form Reception Figure-ground relationship - the organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground) Whatever you are paying attention to (visual, auditory, touch stimulus) becomes the figure, and everything else is the background

Wh_ _l _f F_r_un_ Grouping The tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups to construct meaning Proximity Similarity Continuity Closure Connectedness Common fate Wh_ _l _f F_r_un_

Grouping Grouping helps us construct meaning but also can make us victims of perceptual illusions.

Grouping Examples: Give an example of two of the following from everyday life: Proximity- Similarity- Continuity- Closure- Connectedness- Common fate-

Gestalt Examples

Thursday, October 12 What is Gestalt psychology? What are some ways that you demonstrate depth in art and in painting? Today’s topic: Monocular and Binocular Cues for depth perception Upcoming Dates: Terms Read perception pages 156-169 by tomorrow Assessments: Test and FRQ on Monday

Depth Perception Seeing objects in three dimensions; allows us to judge distance Is depth perception innate? Visual cliff – a lab device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals Found that babies who can crawl have a somewhat developed sense of depth perception and newborn animals were also reluctant to go over the cliff. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DrzmvI6iMrE

Monocular Cues Depth cues that are available to each eye separately Relative size Interposition Relative clarity Texture gradient Relative height Relative motion Linear perspective Light and shadow

Binocular Cues

Binocular Cues Depth cues that rely on the use of both eyes Retinal disparity – a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the brain compare the images from the two eyeballs and computes the difference the greater the disparity between images, the closer the object. Convergence – a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object the greater the strain, the closer the object.

Perceptual Constancy the ability to perceive objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change (we can identify things even if their color, illumination, or angle change) Shape constancy Size constancy Lightness constancy Color constancy

Color Constancy Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object ex: wearing yellow/orange tinted ski goggles, the snow will soon look white again as if not wearing the goggles. Demonstrates that our brain constructs the experience of the color of an object through comparisons with other surrounding objects.

Perceptual Adaptation In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field Classroom goggles experiment: Initially disoriented, but soon adapt to the new context and can navigate it with ease. We coordinate our movements in response to our environment (or perceived environment) Discovering Psychology Perception Video

Perceptual Set A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. Experiences, expectations, and assumption result in the formation of concepts/schemas to organize and interpret information which then dictate what we perceive We see what we believe/want/ think we see. Jesus in food

Context Effects Perception of the same stimuli can differ depending on the context in which we experience the sensation. What do you see in this picture?

Perception - Biopsychosocial Biological Psychological Social/Cultural Entry-level sensory analysis Unlearned visual phenomena Critical period for sensory development Selective attention Learned schemas Gestalt principles Emotional context effects Perceptual set Cultural assumptions and expectations Physical context effects

Extrasensory Perception Extrasensory perception (ESP) – the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; said to include telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition Parapsychology – the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis Psychokinesis – mind over matter: levitating, controlling things with the mind ESP Telepathy – mind to mind communication Clairvoyance – perceiving remote events Precognition – perceiving future events Parapsychology cannot gain scientific credit because it cannot reproduce its results.