African Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa

Imperialism Nationalism When one country takes control of another in order to obtain their resources. (domination) Nationalism A strong belief in one’s country

Countries involved include: Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, Italy, and Portugal

When Africa was divided, Europeans did not take into consideration the different Ethnic groups or religious groups. Families were divided and ethnic groups were blended.

As a result, Africans who once lived peacefully began to fight one another. Because Africans wouldn’t unite, European countries were able to dominate. Some are still at Civil War to this day.

The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 decided which European country would get countries in Africa. Not one African was present. Once independence was given it was hard for countries to govern themselves.

Major Conflict and Wars: Rwanda: Tutsi and Hutu Nigeria Republic of Congo

South Africa Colonized by the British and Dutch in the 17th century. 1685: First law of racism passed 1948: apartheid (separated country into whites and nonwhites)

South Africa Whites held 80% of the land and represented only 10% of the population 1951: “Homelands” are created for black South Africans 1961: independence but decades before blacks could participate in government.

Nelson Mandela: leader in the African National Congress. Arrested in 1962. Sentenced to life in prison.

1976 Soweto protest: led by high school students to protest treatment of black Africans 1990 protest continue until President F.W. de Klerk ended the ban on the ANC and released political prisoners.

Soweto Protest

Pan-African Movement Multi-national movement to unite all Africans Work together for their freedom because of a common heritage ANC grew out of this movement Has influenced African nations but never succeeded in uniting Africa

Outsiders did not enter Kenya until the 19th century because of its fierce tribes By 1920 Kenya had been taken over so many times that military groups formed to eliminate white settlers in Kenya. Kenya

Kenya 1956 Military rebellion by military group was crushed 1963: Britain gave Kenya independence. Kenya

Nigeria Independent until the late 19th century. Colonized by British 1923:Country divided on self-governing under British rule or Nationalism.

1960: Independence gained. At first one of the most stable governments, until civil war broke out. Under strict military rule until 1999 Nigeria