renaissance Unit 6 Chapter 15 Lesson 1

COMMERCE: the buying and selling of goods 1500 CE Italian city states Italy consisted of many city states City states became powerful through commerce COMMERCE: the buying and selling of goods Increased wealth means increased leisure time increased leisure time means increased interest in showing wealth through Arts & Ideas

Milan Ancient Modern

venice Ancient Modern

Birthplace of the Renaissance florence Birthplace of the Renaissance Medici Family The Doumo of Florence

renaissance Began in 1400s in Italy Required great wealth to occur An intellectual, cultural and economic movement Interest in Ancient Greece and Rome Ideals ART, EDUCATION, SCIENCE & POLITICS By 1600s spread to England, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain

PETRARCH Powerful influence on movement “The style is the man” Poet and Scholar Powerful influence on movement Philosophy & Literature of the past informs the present Insert more

ART & THE RENAISSANCE

RENAISSANCE ROOTS Movement began in Italy and spread through out Europe Lots of ancient ruins in Italy Increase wealth means wealthy city-states Political Leaders, businessmen & Catholic Church commission art New respect for human achievement & ability

Renaissance art Portrayed people and nature realistically Inspired by Greek & Roman artists Mastered perspective Illusion that objects in paintings are closer or far away from viewer Depth to pictures Proportion to people, things and buildings Famous Artists Raphael Michelangelo Leonardo da Vinci

raphael Portraits of Mary Master of perspective Master of Architecture

michelangelo Painter & Sculptor Sculpted the Pieta Statue of David Painted the Sistine Chapel frescos

Michelangelo’s Sistine chapel

Leonardo da Vinci Painter, sculptor, engineer, scientist Painted Mona Lisa & The Last Supper Wrote backwards in his journals Models of airplanes & tanks Studied states of matter Studied anatomy

scientific revolution Major Contributors Major Contributions Copernicus Galileo Gutenburg The Earth moves around the sun Gutenburg Bible Watch Microscope Thermometer Telescope

The scientific method

COPERNICUS University of Cracow, Poland Astronomer Started the Scientific Revolution HELIOCENTRIC COSMOLOGY Sun at center of universe Published 1543

GALILEO University of Pisa, Italy Father of Modern Observational Astronomy Improved Telescopes Phases of Venus Proved Copernicus’s theory Galileo’s studies challenged teachings of Catholic Church Inquisition in 1615 Forced to recant House arrest for rest of life Nicknamed “The Wrangler” because he always argued with people Motion of pendulums Physics of motion

JOHANNES GUTENBERG Invented MOVABLE TYPE printing press 1455 GUTENBERG BIBLE Books affordable to Middle Class Book trade flourished

Add PICS Other inventions Pocket watch 1510’s Compound microscope 1590 Air thermometer 1592 Optical Telescope 1608 Add PICS

PROTESTANT REformation Protestant – PROTEST Reformation – REFORM Many scholars began to question the practices and corruption of the Catholic Church – particularly indulgences Martin Luther John Calvin John Knox Protestantism – movement whose supporters protested against the Catholic Church Resulted in split of western Christianity into Catholics and Protestants

Indulgences – pardoning of punishment for sin Originally only gained through works of charity, pilgrimage Beginning in Renaissance wealthy individuals paid for indulgences Given to crusaders

Martin Luther Catholic Monk & Priest Believed Christians should be judged on Faith in Jesus Christ and not in good works done Good works done for sake of good works October 31,1517 CE sent 95 Theses to Bishop Was meant to be criticism not a revolution 95 reforms needed in the Catholic Church No indulgences Individual interpretation of the Bible Refused to recant Pope Leo X excommunicated Martin Luther

Counter-reformation Catholic response to Protestant Reformation Council of Trent 1545 CE Only Catholic Church interpret Bible Pope highest Authority Ban on sale of indulgences