Disorders of the Respiratory System

Understand the Disorders of the Respiratory System Essential questions What are some disorders of the respiratory system? How are disorders of the respiratory system treated? What is the importance of the respiratory system as it relates to immunity? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the respiratory system? 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 2

Respiratory Disorders: Asthma What is asthma? Caused by an allergenor psychological stress. Causes inflammation in airway and causes obstruction. Who most likely has it? Found mostly in children Around 5% of Americans have asthma 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 3

Respiratory Disorders: Asthma What are symptoms? Difficulty exhaling Dyspnea Wheezing Tightness in the chest 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 4

Respiratory Disorders: Asthma What is treatment? Anti-inflammatory drugs Inhaled bronchodilators (inhaler) During an asthma attack a rescue inhaler is used to open up airways quickly 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 5

Respiratory Disorders: Bronchitis What is bronchitis? The inflammation of the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchial tubes, producing excessive mucous. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 6

Respiratory Disorders: Bronchitis Two Types of bronchitis Acute - Characterized by cough, fever, substernal pain and Rales (raspy breath sounds) Comes and then goes Chronic - Middle or old age, cigarette smoking most common cause lasts a lifetime 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 7

Respiratory Disorders: COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder What is COPD and what is the leading cause? 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 8

Respiratory Disorders: COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder Term that refers to lung disease such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthmatic obstruction to the patient’s airflow that interferes with normal breathing 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 9

Respiratory Disorders: COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder Primary Risk Factors Smoking Dust Chemicals Pollution What is COPD and what is the leading cause? 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 10

Respiratory Disorders: Common Cold Rhinitis a.k.a. COMMON COLD Common cold is a contagious viral, respiratory infection. It is passed from person to person. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 11

Respiratory Disorders: Common Cold Rhinitis - COMMON COLD Contributing Factors leading to a cold Chilling (not wearing a coat, hat and gloves) Fatigue Poor Nutrition - not eating well Not getting enough sleep 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 12

Respiratory Disorders: Common Cold Treatment Stay in Bed Drink warm liquids and juice Sleep Good nutrition 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 13

Respiratory Disorders: Common Cold What is best preventative measure? Hand washing How long should you wash your hands? 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 14

Respiratory disorders: Emphysema What is emphysema? Disorder of the Alveoli The alveoli become distended and lose their elasticity and can’t rebound, they may eventually rupture 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 15

Respiratory disorders: Emphysema What is emphysema? Disorder of the Alveoli Air becomes trapped in alveoli and can’t exhale. Forced exhalation is required to release the air. Dyspnea increases as disease progresses 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 16

Respiratory disorders: Emphysema Who is most likely to have it? Cigarette smokers Persons working around aerosol irritants 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 17

Respiratory disorders: Emphysema How is it treated? Alleviate the symptoms Decrease exposure to respiratory irritants Prevent infections Oxygen therapy bronchodilators 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 18

Respiratory Disorders: Influenza A viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. Is a flu shot beneficial? Why or why not? 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 19

Respiratory Disorders: Influenza

Respiratory Disorders: Influenza Know the Flu FACTS F - fever A - aches C - chills T - Tiredness S - Sudden onset Treatment: Treat symptoms Doctor for anti-viral (Tamiflu) 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 21

Respiratory disorders: Pneumonia An infection of the lungs. Caused by bacteria or a virus Alveoli fill with thick fluid 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 22

Respiratory disorders: Pneumonia Symptoms: Chest pain Fever Chills dyspnea 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 23

Respiratory disorders: Pneumonia Diagnosis: X-ray Listening to lungs Treatment Oxygen Antibiotics if bacterial infection not viral 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 24

Respiratory Disorders: Sinusitis infection of mucous membranes of sinuses. bacterial or viral 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 25

Respiratory Disorders: Sinusitis Symptoms: Pain in sinuses Nasal discharge 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 26

Respiratory Disorders: Sinusitis Treatment: Humidifier Drink plenty of fluids Warm cloth to face several times a day 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 27

Respiratory Disorders: Pneumothorax This condition occurs if there is a buildup of air within the pleural cavity on one side of the chest 28

Respiratory Disorders: Pneumothorax In a pneumothorax the excess air increases pressure on the lung causing the lung to collapse. Breathing is not possible with a collapsed lung. But the unaffected lung will continue to breath. What can cause a pneumothorax? 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 29

Respiratory Disorders: Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious bacterial lung disease that forms lesions called tubercles in the lungs. Diagnosis Skin test (if positive then..) Chest x-ray Sputum culture 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 30

Respiratory Disorders: Tuberculosis What type of standard precautions should be followed? Symptoms of TB Cough Low grade fever in pm Weight loss Night sweats Treatment antibiotics

Relevance of nutrients to respiratory system The respiratory system plays a vital role in homeostasis What is the relevance to your health. What is the relevance to the body’s use of nutrients? Did you know??? Vitamin D- prevents respiratory disease in newborns Folate- prevents respiratory infections Vitamin E- prevents common colds 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 32

Review the Disorders of the Respiratory System Answer the Essential questions What are some disorders of the respiratory system? How are disorders of the respiratory system treated? What is the importance of the respiratory system as it relates to immunity? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the respiratory system? 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 33