copyright cmassengale Macromolecules copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Organic Compounds _________________ that contain _________________ are called _________________. _________________ are large _______________________. copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Carbon (C) ___________has 4 electrons in outer shell. __________________ can form __________________ bonds with as many as _____ other atoms (elements). Usually with ___, ___, ___ or ____. Example: CH4(methane) copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Macromolecules Large organic molecules. Also called ___________________________. Made up of smaller “building blocks” called _____________________________. Examples: 1. _________________________________ 2. _________________________________ 3. _________________________________ 4. _________________________________ copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Carbohydrates copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Carbohydrates _______________________________to large sugar molecules. Examples: A. _______________________________ B. _______________________________ C. _______________________________ copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Carbohydrates Monosaccharide: one sugar unit Examples: ________ (C6H12O6) ________________ glucose copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Carbohydrates ____________________: two sugar unit Examples: ___________________________ (glucose+fructose) __________________________ (glucose+galactose) __________________________ (glucose+glucose) glucose copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Carbohydrates _________________________: many sugar units Examples: ________________ (bread, potatoes) ________________ (beef muscle) ________________ (lettuce, corn) glucose cellulose copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Lipids copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Lipids General term for compounds which are ______________________________________ Lipids are soluble in hydrophobic solvents. Remember: “______________________________” Examples: 1. _____________________________ 2. _____________________________ 3. _____________________________ 4. _____________________________ 5. _____________________________ 6. ______________________________ copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Lipids Six functions of lipids: 1. Long term ___________________________ 2. Protection against _________________________ (insulation) 3. Protection against ____________________ 4. Protection against ____________________ 5. Chemical messengers (hormones) 6. Major component of membranes (________________________________) copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Lipids ________________________: composed of 1 ____________ and ____________________. H H-C----O glycerol O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = fatty acids O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH =CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Fatty Acids There are two kinds of fatty acids you may see these on food labels: 1. ______________________________: no double bonds (bad) 2. ______________________________: double bonds (good) O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = saturated O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH =CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = unsaturated copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Proteins copyright cmassengale
Proteins (Polypeptides) __________________ ( ______different kinds of aa) bonded together by peptide bonds (polypeptides). Six functions of proteins: 1. ___________________: albumin (egg white) 2. ___________________: hemoglobin 3. ___________________: hormones 4. ___________________: muscles 5. ___________________: membranes, hair, nails 6. ___________________: cellular reactions copyright cmassengale
Proteins (Polypeptides) Four levels of protein structure: A. _________________________ Structure B. _________________________ Structure C. _________________________ Structure D. _________________________ Structure copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Nucleic Acids copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Nucleic acids Two types: a. _____________________ acid (DNA- double helix) b. ______________________ acid (RNA-single strand) Nucleic acids are composed of long chains of _____________________ linked by dehydration synthesis. copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Nucleic acids Nucleotides include: _______________________________________ _______________________________ (5-carbon) nitrogenous bases: adenine (A) thymine (T) DNA only uracil (U) RNA only cytosine (C) guanine (G) copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Nucleotide O O=P-O Phosphate Group N Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T) CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 5 Sugar (deoxyribose) copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale DNA - double helix P O 1 2 3 4 5 P O 1 2 3 4 5 G C T A copyright cmassengale