The Asian Longhorned Tick – In the US and Coming to Canada Centre for Vector-borne Diseases National Centres for Animal Diseases Lethbridge, Alberta 1

Joel Hutcheson CFIA, National Centre for Animal Diseases Centre for Vector-borne Diseases (Lethbridge, AB) Shaun Dergousoff AAFC, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre Ecology & Biology of Arthropod Vectors of Livestock Pathogens Robbin Lindsay PHAC, National Microbiology Laboratory Dept. of Field Studies, Zoonotic Diseases & Special Pathogens

Haemaphysalis longicornis “Asian longhorned tick” Origin, spread and global distribution Incursion into North America (U.S.A.) Biological properties (that affect dispersal, establishment & vectorial capacity) Potential for range expansion Identification / comparative morphology Veterinary importance Potential public health significance

Haemaphysalis longicornis “Bush tick” “Cattle tick” “Asian tick” “Longhorned tick”

Haemaphysalis longicornis “Asian longhorned tick” Aug 22, 2018 The following new proposed common name was recently approved by the ESA Committee on Common Names and is being submitted to the ESA membership for comment. Proposed common name: Asian longhorned tick Scientific name: Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901

H. Longicornis Global Distribution Originating countries: NE China Japan Korea Russia Invaded countries: Australia New Caledonia Fiji New Zealand Other south Pacific islands Hoogstraal, H., F. H. S. Roberts, G. M. Kohls, and V. J. Tipton. 1968. J Parasitol. 54: 1197.

http://www.promedmail.org/post/5462146 Hunterdon County, NJ Rainey, T., J. L. Occi, R. G. Robbins, and A. Egizi. 2018. Discovery of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Ixodida: Ixodidae) Parasitizing a Sheep in New Jersey, United States. J Med Entomol. 55: 757–759. http://www.promedmail.org/post/5462146 Hunterdon County, NJ

H. longicornis reported from 23 counties in 9 states: New Jersey Virginia West Virginia Arkansas North Carolina Pennsylvania Maryland New York (incl. Staten Island) Connecticut

Biological properties (that affect dispersal, establishment & vectorial capacity) Wide host range including birds domestic animals Parthenogenic high abundance Survives in wide range of environmental conditions (esp. temperate regions)

Predictive model for suitable habitat of H Predictive model for suitable habitat of H. longicornis in North America Based on biological requirements & habitat suitability in NZ: 5 4 3 2 1 1. Annual mean temp > 12C 2. Minimum temp in July >2C 3. Maximum temp in July >12C 4. Annual total pptn >1000 mm 5. Elevation < 300 m Figure 1. Habitat suitability of areas across North America for Haemaphysalis longicornis. Magori, K. 2018. Preliminary prediction of the potential distribution and consequences of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Ixodida: Ixodidae) in the United States and North America, using a simple rule-based climate envelope model. bioRxiv. Pre-print: 389940.

Female Nymph Photo credit: James Gathany (CDC) https://www.newcanaannewsonline.com/news/article/House-Calls-There-s-a-new-tick-in-town-13161951.php Nymph Female Photo credit: James Gathany (CDC)

engorged (left) and partially engorged (middle) female, and engorged larva (right) https://entomologytoday.org/2018/02/21/native-asia-found-new-jersey-curious-case-invasive-tick/haemaphysalis-longicornis/ Photo credit: James L. Occi, Rutgers Univ

Ticks found in Canada (Females): Ixodes scapularis Ixodes cookei Dermacentor variabilis Amblyomma americanum Rhipicephalus sanguineus Haemaphysalis leporispalustris Source: Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec (LSPQ) https://www.inspq.qc.ca/guide-d-identification-des-tiques-du-quebec/autres-especes-de-tiques-retrouvees-au-quebec 2nd endemic Haemaphysalis spp: Bird tick H. chordeilis

Barker, S. C. , and A. R. Walker. 2014. Ticks of Australia Barker, S. C., and A. R. Walker. 2014. Ticks of Australia. The species that infest domestic animals and humans. Zootaxa. 3816: 1.

Hosts Cattle Horses Deer Sheep Goats Birds People Can occur in large numbers on hosts https://entomologytoday.org/2018/02/21/native-asia-found-new-jersey-curious-case-invasive-tick/haemaphysalis-longicornis/ Infested sheep’s ear (Hunterdon County, NJ) Rainey et al. 2018

Effects on livestock / wildlife Pest Direct effects of feeding Anemia  weakness, ↓ growth Exsanguination  death Vector (known or potential) Theileria orientalis (cattle theileriosis) Anaplasma spp. Babesia spp.

Public Health Significance Currently known or suspect vector of: Powassan virus Rickettsia japonica (Oriental spotted fever) Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome virus (SFTS) Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, & Borrelia spp. detected in field populations in China & Korea Endemic pathogens in the USA and Canada: Borrelia burgdorferi? Other Borrelia spp? Anaplasma phagocytophilum? Ehrlichia chaffeensis? Rickettsia rickettsii? Also: Red Meat Allergy

Control Permethrin (used on sheep in Hunterdon County, NJ) Detection and identification surveillance (active & passive) reporting Human and animal tick submission programs in some provinces or contact Joel, Robbin, or Shaun to coordinate ID

Acknowledgements Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, National Centres for Animal Diseases Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre Public Health Agency of Canada United States Department of Agriculture Various Tick Collectors Worldwide