The New Deal USH-6.4

I. Turn around People wanted a president that would end the Depression Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) of New York is elected in 1932 FDR immediately starts relief, recovery, and reform measures Collectively known as the New Deal

III. Women New Deal did not officially address women Programs either prohibited women or hired very few Women had to find whatever work they could Even though they were “stealing” jobs from men “Use it up, wear it out, and make it do or do without”

III. Women FDR named the 1st women to the Cabinet Frances Perkins was Secretary of Labor Also relied on wife Eleanor for advice 1st First Lady to be politically active

IV. New Deal Programs Emergency Banking Act Fireside Chats Banks were closed for about a week Stopped the banking industry collapse Fireside Chats FDR got on the radio and was talking to Americans like grandpa by the fire 1st one encouraged people to trust banks

IV. New Deal Programs Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Insures bank deposits Prevents people from losing it all by giving only portion of funds Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulations on the stock market to prevent another crash

IV. New Deal Programs Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Paid famers a subsidy to plant less acres Lowers supply Slightly raises prices & income Hurt sharecroppers by taking some land out of production

IV. New Deal Programs Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Wanted to create electricity for rural areas Built many dams along the Tennessee River and flooded large areas Provided electricity for parts of seven states Thousands of jobs were created More money in the economy

IV. New Deal Programs Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Built parks around the country For unemployed men Public Works Administration (PWA) Built schools, bridges, hospitals, air fields, etc. Money is spent in local economies

IV. New Deal Programs “Court-packing” The Court overturned a bunch of programs FDR wanted to raise the # of justices from 9 to 15 They would vote his way Did not pass Work Progress Administration (WPA) Also built public buildings Spent $ supporting the arts Writers, actors, artists Often used to promote other New Deal programs

IV. New Deal Programs Social Security Act National insurance policy for the: Unemployed Disabled Elderly Dependent children Workers pay into the fund Works now but did little to help the Depression

IV. New Deal Programs Fair Labor Standards Act Wagner Act Minimum wage ($0.25/hour) Maximum hours (44/week) Wagner Act Recognized unions and collective bargaining

V. Paying for the New Deal Most of these programs were paid for by taxes Taxes in the rich increased When they complained, FDR cut spending in 1937 Unemployment that had been dropping went back up Deficit spending has been used ever since to prevent depressions Spending more than you make