The Biogeochemical Cycles Chapter 5 The Biogeochemical Cycles Botkin & Keller Environmental Science 5e *

Environmental Science 5e How Chemicals Cycle Biogeochemical Cycle The complete path a chemical takes through the four major components – or reservoirs – of Earth’s systems Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Biosphere Botkin & Keller Environmental Science 5e *

Environmental Science 5e Resevoir and Sink Botkin & Keller Environmental Science 5e © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Publishers *

Tectonic Cycle/Geologic Cycle Involves creation and destruction of the solid outer layer of Earth, the lithosphere Plate tectonics: The slow movement of these large segments of Earth’s outermost rock shell Boundaries between plates are geologically active areas Botkin & Keller Environmental Science 5e *

Environmental Science 5e Botkin & Keller Environmental Science 5e © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Publishers *

Plate Tectonic Vocabulary Subduction Zones- At the location of convergent plates one plate slips underneath the other Trench- The impression that is made by the subduction zone- Ex. Marianas Trench Ridge- the upwelling of magma forming mountains at the location of divergent plates- Ex. Mid Atlantic Ridge Fault- The location of two plates sliding past each other- San Adreas Fault Rift-Locations that have thin crust due to underneith tectonic activity- Young Faults Divergent Plate Boundaries Convergent Plate Boundaries

Complex Pic

Ring of Fire

Tectonic Cycle: Plate Boundaries Divergent plate boundary: Occurs at a spreading ocean ridge, where plates are moving away from one another New lithosphere is produced (seafloor spreading) Convergent plate boundary Occurs when plates collide Subduction Zones- Oceanic Plates go under Continental Plates causing volcanoes Transform fault boundary Occurs where one plate slides past another San Andreas Fault in California Botkin & Keller Environmental Science 5e *

Richter Scale

Environmental Science 5e The Hydrologic Cycle The Hydrologic Cycle: Evaporation of water from the oceans Precipitation on land Evaporation from land Runoff from streams, rivers, and sub- surface groundwater Botkin & Keller Environmental Science 5e *

Environmental Science 5e The Rock Cycle The rock cycle: Numerous processes that produce rocks and soils Rock is classified as Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Botkin & Keller Environmental Science 5e *

Environmental Science 5e The Carbon Cycle The carbon cycle: Carbon combines with and is chemically and biologically linked with the cycles of oxygen and hydrogen that form the major compounds of life Botkin & Keller Environmental Science 5e *

Environmental Science 5e Idealized diagram illustrating photosynthesis for a green plan (tree) and generalized reaction. Botkin & Keller Environmental Science 5e © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Publishers *

Environmental Science 5e Idealized diagram showing the carbon cycle in a lake. Botkin & Keller Environmental Science 5e © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Publishers *

Environmental Science 5e The Nitrogen Cycle The nitrogen cycle: Extremely important Done by Nitrogen Fixing bacteria Nitrogen fixation: The process of converting inorganic, molecular nitrogen in the atmosphere to ammonia or nitrate Denitrification: The process of releasing fixed nitrogen back to atmospheric nitrogen Lightning fixes nitrogen directly Botkin & Keller Environmental Science 5e *

Environmental Science 5e Botkin & Keller Environmental Science 5e © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Publishers *

Environmental Science 5e The Phosphorus Cycle Vital Nutrient Usually a limiting factor In fertilizer In guano/bird poop Does not enter gas phase Botkin & Keller Environmental Science 5e *

CHNOPS The Big Six Macronutrients Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur Limiting Factors Other Macronutrients Calcium Iron Potassium Eutrophication

Drawing the Biogeochemical cycles New Tank Syndrome Activity Molnar Tectonic plates Earthquake Finding Activity Seismic Activity Bottle Hydrologic Activity 2014 FRQ #4 on Biogeochemical 2014 FRW #3 on Tectonic plates