Non-Vascular Plant BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

There are thousands of different kinds of plants There are thousands of different kinds of plants. How do botanists classify them? There are many different ways plants can be classified. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

One way to classify plants is based on whether or not they have flowers or whether or not they produce spores. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

Plants Non-Flowering Plants Flowering Plants BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

Another way to classify plants is to determine whether or not they contain vascular tissue. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

Plants Non-Vascular Plants Vascular Plants BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

Vascular tissue is the transport system of a plant. Plants with vascular tissue are called vascular plants BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

One kind of vascular tissue carries food One kind of vascular tissue carries food. Another kind carries water and dissolved minerals. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

Non-Flowering Plants 1. Bryophytes 2.Pteridophyta Mosses and Liverworts 2.Pteridophyta Ferns BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

1. Gymnosperms 2. Angiosperms Seed Plants Open seeded Plants Closed seeded Plants BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

Non-vascular Plants 1. Bryophytes Plants without roots, stems, and leaves are called bryophytes. A bryophyte is a nonvascular plant that produces spores and lives in a moist environment on land . BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

nonvascular plants have no phloem or xylem to carry materials throughout their bodies. So how do food and water travel through a bryophyte? BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

Food travels from cell to cell by diffusion Food travels from cell to cell by diffusion. Water travels between cells by osmosis. Both processes are very slow. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

This slow movement of food and water can only support a small plant This slow movement of food and water can only support a small plant. For this reason, bryophytes are small. In fact, some bryophytes are so small that most people never notice them. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

2.Mosses: A moss is a bryophyte with a stalked body that usually grows upright. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

Look at the parts of the moss in Figure Look at the parts of the moss in Figure. At the base of the moss are rhizoids, rootlike parts that hold a bryophyte to the ground. How are rhizoids different from true roots? BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

Left: The parts of a moss Left: The parts of a moss. The stalk and capsule grow only at certain times of the year. Right: Star moss, Polytrichum piliferum. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

The rhizoids are connected to a stemlike stalk The rhizoids are connected to a stemlike stalk. Surrounding the stalk are leaflike parts that contain chloroplasts and carry on photosynthesis. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

The leaflike parts are one cell thick and absorb water through their cell walls. The capsule, located at the top of a long stalk, is the spore case of a moss. A moss can be identified by the shape of its capsule. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

The stages in the life of an organism are called its life cycle. Moss Life Cycle The stages in the life of an organism are called its life cycle. bryophytes carry out their life cycles on land. They adapted to drier environments. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

Mosses go through two stages in their life cycle an asexual stage a sexual stage. Look at Figure BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

The life cycle of a moss. Why is water needed for the sexual stage? BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

The asexual stage begins when the moss capsule produces spores The asexual stage begins when the moss capsule produces spores. Each spore has a protective covering that keeps it from drying out. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

Once released from the capsule, the spores are dispersed by wind and water. If a spore lands in moist soil, it can germinate, and grows into a new plant. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

When the new plant matures, the sexual stage of the life cycle begins When the new plant matures, the sexual stage of the life cycle begins. Tiny sex organs develop at the top of the leaf-like parts. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

In some mosses, both male and female sex organs develop on the same plant. In other mosses, male and female sex organs develop on different plants. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

Sperm produced by the male sex organ swim through rain­water or dew to an egg in the female sex organ. Fertilization occurs, and the fertilized egg, or zygote, grows into an embryo. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

An embryo is an organism in an early stage of development An embryo is an organism in an early stage of development. The moss embryo stays in the female sex organ, which protects it and keeps it from drying out. Soon it grows into a stalk and capsule, and the cycle begins again BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

Liverworts Liverwort, liver-shaped plant, a bryophyte with a flat, lobed body that grows along the ground. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

Like mosses, liverworts have rhizoids that anchor them to the soil Like mosses, liverworts have rhizoids that anchor them to the soil. Liverworts reproduce sexually when sperm from a male sex organ swim to an egg in a female sex organ. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

A liverwort. The umbrella- shaped structures are female sex organs A liverwort. The umbrella- shaped structures are female sex organs. Also notice the asexual cuplike structures. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

After fertilization, the zygote develops into a new liverwort After fertilization, the zygote develops into a new liverwort. Some liverworts reproduce asexually by forming special structures that look like cups. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

Each cup contains flat bits of tissue Each cup contains flat bits of tissue. Raindrops splash the tissue on to the soil. If the conditions are right, new liverworts start to grow. BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

ADAPTATION OVER TIME Bryophytes ü First plants to produce spores with a protective covering that prevents drying and aids dispersal by wind ü First plants in which zygote develops into an embryo ü Embryo is protected within the female sex organ BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

Lesson Review 1. List three characteristics of bryophytes. 2 Lesson Review 1. List three characteristics of bryophytes. 2. Name three parts of a moss and state their function. 3. Describe the two stages in the life cycle of a moss. 4. How do some liverworts reproduce asexually? BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

Interpret and Apply 5.Why are moss spores dispersed by wind more likely to survive than algae spores dispersed by wind? 6.In what ways are liverworts similar to mosses? BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA

2. Pteridophyta Ferns BIOLOGY TEAM - SMAMDA